Chapter 2 Evaluating The Importance of Taking Good Nutrition and Practicing Good Eating Habits

Topic 2 Nutrition
2.1 Evaluating the importance of taking good nutrition

and practicing good eating habits
ITeach Science Form 5
Topic 2 Nutrition
Evaluating The Importance Of Taking Good Nutrition And Practicing Good Eating Habits
Calorific values of different classes of food

Calorific value is the amount of energy released when one gramme of the
food is completely burnt.
It is measured in calories (cal) or
kilocalories (kcal)
1 calorie = 4.2 joule

1 kilocalorie = 4.2 kilojoule
Class of food
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Calorific value (kJ / g)
16.7
37.6
16.7
Type of food
Calorific Value per

100g (kJ)
Quantity (g)
Total calorie (kJ)
Bread
1050
50
50
1050 525
100
Rice
1500
200
Chicken
800
50
Milk
1400
500
200
1500 3000
100
50
800 400
100
500
1400 7000
100
Past Year Question
Topik 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran Makanan
Menilai kepentingan amalan pengambilan nutrisi yang baik

Nilai Kalori Kelas Makanan Yang Berbeza
Nilai kalori ialah kandungan tenaga dalam sesuatu sampel makanan
apabila satu gram makanan dioksidakan dengan lengkap.
Diukur dalam unit kalori (cal) atau
kilokalori (kcal)
1 kalori = 4.2 joule

1 kilokalori = 4.2 kilojoule
Kelas Makanan
Karbohidrat
Lemak
Protein
Nilai kalori (kJ / g)
16.7
37.6
16.7
Jenis Makanan
Nilai kalori per

100g (kJ)
Kuantiti (g)
Jumlah kalori (kJ)
Roti
1050
50
50
1050 525
100
Nasi
1500
200
Ayam
800
50
Susu
1400
500
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 5
200
1500 3000
100
50
800 400
100
500
1400 7000
100
Topic 2 Nutrition
Factors affecting calories requirements

Man needs more
energy because
Bigger size and weight
More active
Body size
A person with
bigger body size
needs more energy
because higher
metabolism rate
Jogging needs more

energy
compare to sleeping
Sex
Age
Factors affecting
calories
requirements
Environment
A person staying in
cold country needs
more energy because
of heat loss
State of health
Children and
teenagers need
more energy because
Rapid growth
High metabolism rate
Physical activity
A person who
work heavily needs
more energy
Patient needs more

energy to fight
disease

Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keperluan Kalori
Lelaki memerlukan lebih
tenaga
Saiz badan lebih besar
Lebih aktif
Saiz badan
Orang yang bersaiz

besar memerlukan
lebih tenaga kerana
kadar metabolisma
mereka lebih tinggi
Jantina
Umur
Faktor yang
mempengaruhi
keperluan kalori
Suhu persekitaran
Keadaan
Kesihatan
Orang yang berada di

persekitaran sejuk
memerlukan lebih tenaga
Jogging memerlukan untuk mengekalkan suhu
badan.
lebih tenaga berbanding
tidur
Kanak-kanak dan
Remaja memerlukan
lebih tenaga
Giat bertumbuh
Kadar metabolisma
tinggi
Aktiviti Fizikal
Pekerja yang lebih

aktif memerlukan
lebih tenaga
Pesakit memerlukan
lebih tenaga
untuk melawan
penyakit
Topic 2 Nutrition
Malnutrition and its health problems

Malnutrition occurs when one or more classes of food missing in daily diet.
Diseases
Symptom
Scurry
Underweight,
thin arms/legs
Pot-belly, scaled
skin, no appetite
Poor vision at
night
No appetite, weakness
and pain in limbs
Diarrhoea, loss of
weight and memory
Gum bleeds easily
Ricketts
Bow-legged
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Night blindness
Beri-beri
Pellagra
Shortage of
nutrient
Ways to overcome
Carbohydrate
Rice, wheat, etc
Protein
Milk, fish, meat, etc
Vitamin A
Egg yolk, cheese, etc
Vitamin B1
Eggs, nuts, liver, etc
Vitamin B3
Egg yolk, vegetable,

liver, etc
Vitamin C
Fruits, vegetable
Ricketts
Expose to sunlight

Masalah Kesihatan Berkaitan Dengan Nutrisi
Malnutrisi berlaku kerana kekurangan gizi atau terlebih nutrien
Penyakit
Marasmus
Kwasyiorkor
Rabun malam
Beri-beri
Pelagra
Skurvi
Riket
Gejala
Kurang berat badan,
Tangan dan kaki kurus
Pengumpalan cecair
Dalam badan
Rabun pada waktu
malam
Tiada selera makan,
lemah anggota badan
Cirit-birit, hilang ingatan
dan berat badan
Gusi bengkak dan
berdarah
Tulang lembut dan
Berkaki pengkar
Kekurangan nutrien
Cara mengatasi
Karbohidrat
Nasi, gandum, etc
Protein
Susu, ikan, daging, etc
Vitamin A
Telur kuning, keju, etc
Vitamin B1
Telur, kacang, hati, etc
Vitamin B3
Telur kuning, sayuran,

hati, etc
Vitamin C
Buah, sayuran
Vitamin D, kalsium
dan fosforus
Pendedahan kepada
cahaya matahari
Topic 2 Nutrition
Eating habits and its health problems

A person is obese
when his or her weight
is 20% or more
exceeds the normal
body weight.
Consequences
Higher risk of illness due
to diabetes, high blood
pressure, high cholesterol,
kidney disorder, stroke.
How to overcome
Reduce intake of fats and
carbohydrate
Increase intake of fruit
and vegetable
Regular exercise
Obesity
Anorexia
nervosa
Eat too much Eat less

will cause
will cause
Psychological illness
caused by severe
reduction of foods
Consequences
Bad eating habits
Very thin
depressed
How to overcome
intake balanced diet
seek psychological advice
Past Year Question

Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh tabiat makan yang tidak sihat
Seseorang yang
mempunyai 20% lebih
berat berbanding berat
badan normal
Kesan
Risiko tinggi mendapat
penyakit diabetes, darah
tinggi dan sakit jantung
Cara mengatasi
Kurangkan pengambilan
lemak dan karbohidrat
Tambahkan pengambilan
buah dan sayuran
Lakukan senaman
Penyakit psikologi yang

Anoreksia
disebabkan oleh
Obesiti
nervosa
perasaan bimbang
tentang pertambahan
berat badan dan tidak
Terlebih makan
makan langsung
Kurang makan
akan
akan
Kesan
menyebabkan
menyebabkan
Tabiat Makan yang
Tidak Sihat
Sangat kurus
Tekanan
perasaan
Cara mengatasi
Pengambilan diet seimbang
Dapatkan nasihat doktor
Topic
Topic 22 Nutrition
Nutrition
Evaluating
Evaluating The
The Importance
Importance Of
Of Taking
Taking Good
Good Nutrition
Nutrition And
And Practicing
Practicing Good
Good Eating
Eating Habits
Habits
How arteriosclerosis develops ?

Due to consumption of too much meat and fried food which
are rich in saturated fats and cholesrtol
Stage 1
Inner walls of arteries
Stage 3
Arteries become
narrower, resulting in
slow blood flow, and
finally blocked.
Stage 2
Cholesterol accumulating
Topik 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran

Topic 2 Nutrition
Makanan
Evaluating
The Importance amalan
Of Taking pengambilan
Good Nutrition And
Practicing
Good
Eating Habits
Menilai kepentingan
nutrisi
yang
baik
Bagaimana Arteriosklerosis Terbentuk?

Disebabkan oleh pengambilan daging dan makanan bergoreng secara berlebihan yang
mengandungi lemak tepu dan kolesterol yang berlebihan
Peringkat 1
Dinding dalam arteri
Peingkat 3
Arteri menjadi semakin
sempit menyebabkan
pengaliran darah
semakin perlahan dan
akhirnya tersekat.
Peringkat 2
Kolesterol terkumpul
Topic 2 Nutrition
Good nutrition and good eating habits
Practice good eating habits by taking a balance diet which contains all the
classes of food in the right amount, in accordance with the needs of our body
as shown in food pyramid.
Food Pyramid
Fats and sugar
Meat and dairy products
Fruits and vegetables
Grain food

Nutrisi Dan Tabiat Makan Yang Baik
Amalkan tabiat makan yang baik dengan mengambil diet seimbang yang
mengandungi kesemua kelas makanan dalam jumlah yang betul, mengikut
keperluan tubuh badan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam piramid makanan.
Piramid Makanan
Lemak dan gula
Daging dan makanan tenusu
Buah-buahan dan sayuran
Makanan gandum
Topic 2 Nutrition
2.2 Analysing the nutrient requirements of plants
Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants

Nutrient requirements of plants
Reproduction
Growth
Development
For
For
Why plants
need
nutrients ?
For
Plant nutrients
Macronutrients
Nutrients needed in
large quantities for the
normal growth of plants
Classified as
Micronutrients
Nutrients needed in
small quantities for the
normal growth of plants
Menganalisis Keperluan Nutrien Tumbuhan

Keperluan Nutrien Tumbuhan
Pembiakan
Pertumbuhan
Perkembangan
Mengapa tumbuhan
memerlukan nutrien?
Nutrien Tumbuhan
Makronutrien
Nutrien yang diperlukan oleh

tumbuhan dalam kuantiti
yang banyak
Mikronutrient
Nutrien yang diperlukan oleh

tumbuhan dalam kuantiti
yang sedikit
Topic 2 Nutrition
Analyzing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants

Nutrient requirements of plants - Macronutrients
Carbon
Oxygen
Sulphur
Hydrogen
Macronutrients
Magnesium
Calcium
Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus
To
synthesize
protein,
nucleic
acid,
help
in
growth
of
cells
Important
element
inTo
chlorophyll
form
molecules,
and
activate
fats
respiration
enzyme
ToTosynthesize
amino
carbohydrates,
acid,carbohydrates
protein,
carbohydrates
fats
and
protein
and
new
cells.
form
protein,
To
Toform
form
nucleic
lamella
protein,
acid,
cell,
nucleic
important
help
acid,
in growth
element
chlorophyll
of
roots
in protoplasm

Keperluan Nutrien Tumbuhan - Makronutrien
Karbon
Oksigen
Sulfur
Hidrorogen
Makronutrien
Magnesium
Kalsium
Nitrogen
Kalium
Fosforus
Untuk
mensintesiskan
protein,
asidmengaktifkan
nukleik,
yang
membantu
Unsur
penting
dalam
molekul
klorofil,
enzim
respirasi
Untuk
menghasilkan
Untuk
menghasilkan
asid
amino,
karbohidrat,
protein,
karbohidrat
lemak
dan
dan
protein
sel-sel
Untuk
menghasilkan
Untuk
Untuk
membentuk
Untuk
menghasilkan
protein,
menghasilkan
sel
asid
lamela,
nukleik,
protein,
karbohidrat
membantu
unsur
asid
nukleik,
penting
dan
pertumbuhan
lemak
klorofil
dalam
protoplasma
akarbaru.
dalam pertumbuhan sel
Topic 2 Nutrition

Nutrient requirements of plants - Micronutrients
Copper
Zinc
Manganese
Micronutrients
Molybdenum
Boron
Iron
Helps
Cofactor
Helps
in intake
for
inCofactor
certain
cell
of Cofactor
respiration
calcium
Toenzyme,
synthesise
for an
and
forenzyme
and
certain
needed
decomposition
chlorophyll
synthesise
in
enzyme
for
respiration
nitrogen
ofofchlorophyll
carbohydrates
metabolism

Keperluan Nutrien Tumbuhan - Mikronutrien
Kuprum
Zink
Mangan
Mikronutrien
Molibdenum
Boron
Besi / Ferum
Kofaktor
Membantu
Membantu
bagi
dalam
enzim
dalam
Kofaktor
pengambilan
Untuk
Kofaktor
tertentu,
proses
bagi
mensintesiskan
bagi
diperlukan
respirasi
enzim
kalsium
enzim
dalam
dan
dalam
dan
tertentu
klorofil
menghasilkan
respirasi
penguraian
metabolisma
karbohidrat
klorofil
nitrogen
Topic 2 Nutrition

Effects of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium on plant growth
Stunted growth
Weak stems
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Stunted growth
Weak stems
Smaller, pale green

upper leaves
Smaller, purple
upper leaves
Older, yellow
lower leaves
(chlorosis)
Small root growth
Potassium
Stunted growth
Weak stems
Yellow leaves with
dead brown spots
Effects of
deficiency of

Kesan Kekurangan Nitrogen, Fosforus Dan Kalium Pada
Pertumbuhan Tumbuhan
Pertumbuhan
terbantut
Batang lembut
Nitrogen
Fosforus
Batang lembut
Semasa mula
bertumbuh, daun
berwarna hijau pucat
Apabila membesar,
daun menjadi kuning
(klorosis)
Kalium
Pertumbuhan terbantut
Batang lembut
Daun menjadi kuning
dengan tompok-tompok
sel mati dipinggir daun
Pertumbuhan
terbantut
Daun menjadi hijau
tua dengan tompok
ungu atau merah
Kesan
Kekurangan
Akar tidak bertumbuh

dengan baik
Topic 2 Nutrition

Effects of Deficiency of Nitrogen
A healthy plant
A plant deficiency of nitrogen

Kesan Kekurangan Nitrogen
Tumbuhan sihat
Tumbuhan kekurangan nitrogen
Topic 2 Nutrition

Effects of Deficient in Phosphorus
A healthy plant
A plant deficiency of phosphorus

Kesan Kekurangan Fosforus
Tumbuhan sihat
Tumbuhan kekurangan fosforus
Topic 2 Nutrition

Effects of Deficiency of Potassium
A healthy plant
A plant deficiency of potassium

Kesan Kekurangan Kalium
Tumbuhan sihat
Tumbuhan kekurangan kalium
Topic 2 Nutrition
Effects of macronutrient deficiencies in plants
Aim: To study the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in plants

Hypothesis: A plant grows healthily in a complete Knops solution
Variables:
Manipulated
: Type of solutions in each jar
Responding
: Colour of leaves, size of leaves and growth of seedling.
Fixed
: Volume of solution, size and type of seedlings, intensity of light.
Material and
: Distilled water, Knop culture solution, culture solution
without nitrogen, culture solution without phosphorus,
apparatus
seedling, black paper, cotton wool, boiling tubes, glass
tube for aeration, stopper.
Procedure
:
Observation: Type of culture solution
Deficiency in
Observation
None
Seedling grows healthily
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
All nutrients
Leaves turn yellow

Leaves with curly
brown edged
Stunted growth
Conclusion: Plants need various types of nutrients to growth healthily.


Kesan Kekurangan Makronutrien pada Tumbuhan
Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji kesan kekurangan makronutrien pada tumbuhan
Hipotesis : Tumbuhan bertumbuh dengan sihat dalam larutan Knop yang lengkap
Pemboleh ubah:
Dimanipulasikan : Jenis larutan dalam setiap balang
Bergerak balas
: Warna daun, saiz daun dan pertumbuhan biji benih.
Tetap
: Isipadu larutan, saiz dan jenis biji benih, keamatan cahaya.
Bahan dan
: Air suling, larutan kultur Knop, larutan kultur tanpa
nitrogen, larutan kultur tanpa fosforus, biji benih, kertas
radas
hitam, kapas, tabung uji, tiub kaca untuk pengudaraan
dan penutup getah.
Kaedah
:
Pemerhatian:
Jenis larutan kultur
Kekurangan dalam
Pemerhatian
Tiada
Biji benih bertumbuh sihat
Nitrogen
Daun menjadi kuning

Daun menjadi hijau tua
C
Fosforus
dengan tompok merah
D
Semua nutrien
Pertumbuhan terbantut
Kesimpulan: Tumbuhan memerlukan kesemua nutrien penting untuk
pertumbuhan yang sihat.
Topic 2 Nutrition
2.3 Analysing Nitrogen Cycle And Its Importance
Topic 2 Nutrition
Analysing Nitrogen Cycle And Its Importance

Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen in the air
Lightening
Volcanic
Eruptions
Denitrifying
bacteria
Absorb
by plants
Nitrogen
fixing
bacteria
Nitrates
Leaching
Ammonium
Compound Decomposed
Nitrifying
Bacteria
by decay
bacteria
Underground water
Past Year Question
Animal waste
and
dead animals
/ plants
Menganalisis Kitar Nitrogen dan Kepentingannya

Kitar Nitrogen
Nitrogen dalam atmosfera
Gunung
berapi
Kilat
Bakteria pendenitratan
Diserap
oleh
tumbuhan
Bakteria
Pengikat
Nitrogen
Nitrat
Larut resap
Air bawah tanah
Bakteria
Nitrit
Sebatian
Ammonium
Penguraian
oleh bakteria
pengurai
Haiwan dan
tumbuhan
mati
Topic 2 Nutrition
2.4 The Importance Of Having Good Nutrition
Topic 2 Nutrition
The Importance Of Having Good Nutrition
Balanced Diet
The
Thefood
foodthat
thatcontains
containssufficient
sufficient
proportion
of
all
classes
proportion of all classesofoffood
food
Eating
Eatingtwo
twoorormore
moremoderate
moderatemeals
mealsaaday
day
Snack
Snackbetween
betweenmeals
meals
should
be
avoided
should be avoided
Drink
Drinkmore
morewater
water
Past Year Question
Topic 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran Makanan
Kepentingan untuk Mengamalkan Nutrisi yang Baik
Gizi Seimbang
Makanan
Makananyang
yangmengandungi
mengandungikandungan
kandungan
kesemua
kelas
makanan
yang
kesemua kelas makanan yangmencukupi
mencukupi
Makan
Makanmengikut
mengikutmasa
masadalam
dalamkuantiti
kuantitiyang
yang
berpatutan
berpatutan
Elakkan
Elakkanmakan
makanmakanan
makananringan
ringan
Minum
Minumair
airyang
yangmencukupi
mencukupisetiap
setiaphari
hari

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Topic 2 Nutrition

2.1 Evaluating the importance of taking good nutrition

ITeach Science Form 5

Calorific values of different classes of food

1 calorie = 4.2 joule

Calorific value (kJ / g)

Calorific Value per

Total calorie (kJ)

ITeach Science Form 5

Past Year Question

Topik 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran Makanan

Menilai kepentingan amalan pengambilan nutrisi yang baik

1 kalori = 4.2 joule

Nilai kalori (kJ / g)

Nilai kalori per

Jumlah kalori (kJ)

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 5

Factors affecting calories requirements

Jogging needs more

Patient needs more

Topik 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran Makanan

Menilai kepentingan amalan pengambilan nutrisi yang baik

Orang yang bersaiz

Orang yang berada di

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 5

Pekerja yang lebih

Malnutrition and its health problems

ITeach Science Form 5

Rice, wheat, etc

Milk, fish, meat, etc

Egg yolk, cheese, etc

Eggs, nuts, liver, etc

Egg yolk, vegetable,

Topik 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran Makanan

Menilai kepentingan amalan pengambilan nutrisi yang baik

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 5

Nasi, gandum, etc

Susu, ikan, daging, etc

Telur kuning, keju, etc

Telur, kacang, hati, etc

Telur kuning, sayuran,

Eating habits and its health problems

Eat too much Eat less

Bad eating habits

Past Year Question

Topik 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran Makanan

Menilai kepentingan amalan pengambilan nutrisi yang baik

Penyakit psikologi yang

How arteriosclerosis develops ?

Topik 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran

Bagaimana Arteriosklerosis Terbentuk?

Good nutrition and good eating habits

Fats and sugar

Meat and dairy products

Fruits and vegetables

Topik 2 Nutrisi dan Pengeluaran Makanan

Menilai kepentingan amalan pengambilan nutrisi yang baik

Lemak dan gula

Daging dan makanan tenusu

Buah-buahan dan sayuran

2.2 Analysing the nutrient requirements of plants

ITeach Science Form 5

Analysing The Nutrient Requirements Of Plants