HSDPA

Introduction and Troubleshooting

for Low Throughput

Sadok Ben Ali

28 Nov 2008
Ericsson Internal 1

2008-11-28

Key characteristics of HSDPA

Scheduled
user

high data
rate

User 1
User 2

low data rate

Time
#1 #2 #1#2 #1 #2 #1

Scheduling

Power
Total cell
power

High data rate

Low data rate

HS-DSCH (rate controlled)

Dedicated channels
(power controlled)
Common
channels

t
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation

Fast Link Adaptation

Ericsson Internal 2

2008-11-28

Shared Channel Transmission

(1)

A set of radio resources dynamically shared among multiple users,

primarily in the time domain
SF4
SF8
SF16
SF32

Cell CCH(s)

HS-PDSCH

SF64

s-CCP CH
(PS32Kbps on FACH)

SF128

HS-SCCH

SF256
p-CCPCH

PICH

p-CPICH

AICH

Up to 15 codes (SF16) can be allocated and shared between the

users. It also depends on what the UE can support.
Ericsson Internal 3

2008-11-28

Shared Channel Transmission

(2)

HSDPA channel structure

DL: High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel HS-DSCH

DL: High-Speed Shared Control Channel(s) HS-SCCH (SCHEDULING)
Associated Dedicated Channel A-DCH bidirectional DCH for SRB3.4 signaling
( DPCCH+DPDCH)
UL :HS Dedicated Physical Common Control Channel - HS-DPCCH (CQI, HARQ
ACK/NACK)
Iu

Iu

RNC

Iub

HS

-D S
CH
H SS
CC
HSDP C H
CH

Ericsson Internal 4

RNC

Iur

Associated
Dedicated
Channels

Iub

2008-11-28

Fast Link Adaptation (1)

CQI Channel Quality Indicator

UE sends CQI info in the UL to aid rate adaptation and scheduling

CQI (1-30) provides the Node B with a measure of the UE's perceived channel quality and the UE
receiver performance
The CQI report estimates the number of bits that can be transmitted to the UE using a certain assumed
power with a block error rate of (blerQualityTargetDl =1%)
UE assumes a HS- PDSCH power to calculate CQI : PHS_assumed = RSCPCPICH +
hsMeasurementPowerOffset + (3GPP 25214)
CQI = 0 if SNR <= -16, CQI=SNR/1.02 + 16.62 if -16<SNR<14, CQI = 30 if SNR=>14

Ericsson Internal 5

2008-11-28

Fast Link Adaptation (2)

Rate control
Adjusts data rate based on the Radio conditions (CQI)
Fast Adaptation : 2 ms TTI basis
Adaptive Modulation (QPSK and 16 QAM) and Coding
Use available power
Power
High data rate

Total cell power

Low data rate

HS-DSCH (rate controlled)

Dedicated channels
(power controlled)
Common channels
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation

Ericsson Internal 6

2008-11-28

Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining

Rapid retransmissions of erroneous data
Hybrid ARQ protocol terminated in Node B
short RTT (typical example: 12 ms)
Soft combining in UE of multiple transmission attempts
reduced error rates for retransmissions

Ericsson Internal 7

2008-11-28

Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling

(MAC-hs)
Scheduling => which UE to transmit to at a given time
instant and at what rate
MAC-hs (a new MAC sub-layer in RBS)

Basic idea: transmit at fading peaks

May lead to large variations in data rate between users
Scheduled
user

high data rate

User
1
User
2

low data rate

Time
#1

#2

#1 #2

Ericsson Internal 8

#1

#2

#1

2008-11-28

MAC-hs Functions
Resource Estimation
Estimation for available HS-PDSCH power and codes

PHS = Pmax - hsPowerMargin - Pnon-HS

PHSPDSCH = PHS - PHSSCCH
HS-SCCH power is set with reference to CPICH
Code information available from RNC

Queue Validation

Data to transmit is available

ADCH in uplink in synch for the UE
UEs minimum TTI capability is ok
Adjusted CQI exists for the UE
Suitable HARQ process exists
MAC-hs transmission window is not full

Queue Selection

f(CQI)
f(C/I )
f(average rate)

Ericsson Internal 9

2008-11-28

Queue Selection Algorithms

Ericsson supports the following Scheduling Algorithms
and is configurable per Node B (queueSelectAlgorithm)
Round Robin (RR)

Cyclically assign the channel to users without taking channel

conditions into account
Simple but poor performance

Proportional Fair (PF)

Assign the channel to the user with the best relative channel quality
High throughput, fair

Max C/I Ratio

Assign the channel to the user with the best channel quality
High system throughput but not fair

Ericsson Internal 10

2008-11-28

Channel Switching (New in P5)

P5

P4
HS

hsdschinactivityTimer

64/HS

IDLE

Switching between HS-DSCH and DCH happens to support

Iur, IRAT and IFHO Mobility
Ericsson Internal 11

2008-11-28

HSDPA Throughput
CQI value

Reference power NIR

Transport Number of
Modulation
Block Size HS-PDSCH
adjustment
N/A
Out of range
0
9600
137
1
QPSK
0
173
1
QPSK
0
233
1
QPSK
0
317
1
QPSK
0
377
1
QPSK
0
461
1
QPSK
0
650
2
QPSK
0
792
2
QPSK
0
931
2
QPSK
0
1262
3
QPSK
0
1483
3
QPSK
0
1742
3
QPSK
0
2279
4
QPSK
0
2583
4
QPSK
0
3319
5
QPSK
0
3565
5
16-QAM
0
4189
5
16-QAM
0
4664
5
16-QAM
0
5287
5
16-QAM
0
5887
5
16-QAM
0
6554
5
16-QAM
0
7168
5
16-QAM
-1
7168
5
16-QAM

Maximum
number of HSDSCH codes
received

Minimum
inter-TTI
interval

Modulation

Category 1

QPSK&16QAM

1.2

Category 2

QPSK&16QAM

1.2

Category 3

QPSK&16QAM

1.8

Category 4

QPSK&16QAM

1.8

Category 5

QPSK&16QAM

3.6

Category 6

QPSK&16QAM

3.6

Category 7

10

QPSK&16QAM

7.3

Category 8

10

QPSK&16QAM

7.3

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

Category 9

15

QPSK&16QAM

10.2

24

7168

16-QAM

Category 10

15

QPSK&16QAM

14.4

Category 11

QPSK only

0.9

Category 12

QPSK only

1.8

25
26
27
28
29
30

7168
7168
7168
7168
7168
7168

5
5
5
5
5
5

16-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM

HS-DSCH category

Coder
Throughput

Mbit/s

XRV

-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

HS L1 Throughput = W * Number of codes * Modulation scheme /SF=(3.84 M cps 5 * 4 )/16 = 4.8 Mbps

Max HS MAC-d user data = ( Tbsize (7168) / 2ms) = 3.584 Mbps

The deference between MAC-d and L1 throughput due to Rate matching & turbo code
The real Max HS MAC-d user data = ( Tbsize / TTI)*(1 - BLER)

Ericsson Internal 12

2008-11-28

HSDPA Throughput Analysis

Radio Environment

Low CQI or Low Modulation rate : it could be due to no enough power

(Much power allocated for R99), bad coverage....

High DTX : UE is not being scheduled. It could be that are many users in
the cell

ACK/NACK rate : UE is not receiving well the data and is sending NACKs,
it can be due to improper parameters setting

USIM
HLR need to be verified for the USIM profile (DL throughput /UL
throughput)

UE Capability
ueCapability-Info : UE category shall be more than 6

Ericsson Internal 13

2008-11-28

HSDPA Throughput Analysis

Laptop

TCP Window Size should be 102400 MTU=1460

RBS

Check RBS parameters

IMA configuration(number of E1s)
AtmTrafficDescriptor on AAL2 (aal2QoSAvailableProfiles) in RBS and RNC side
AAL2 Path parameters such as PCR, SCR...
Check Hardware (some times replacing the HSDPA board can resolve the problem)

Iub Flow control

Proper Setting for maxHsRate

The HSDPA Iub flow control algorithm adjusts to the Iub congestion by adapting a reference value
(targetHsRate) every second. The reference value is initially set to maxHsRate, which also determines
the maximum value for targetHsRate. The more congestion detections, the lower the available bit rate
over Iub

Iub flow capacity is affected by quality of the transport network

Ericsson Internal 14

2008-11-28

HSDPA Throughput Analysis

CN
In R4 GGSN by default there is limitation 2M bps in the downlink. To allow more
bandwidth, the maximum-bandwidth-downlink has to be set to a bigger value with
the policing in the PDP context definition.
RAB-Assignment Request:
{ trafficClass interactive, rAB-AsymmetryIndicator asymmetric-bidirectional,
maxBitrate
{ 2048000,

(>>> DL)

384000 },
(>>> UL)}
In SGSN, check if the correct QoS profile has been linked to the IMSI series that
were used in the test;
In GGSN, verify the policing with the PDP context to see if there is any limitation on
the downlink.
The link between the GGSN and the IP router in the IP backbone has to have
enabled the auto-negotiation and fixed 100 Mbit/s speed in full-duplex mod

Ericsson Internal 15

2008-11-28

HSDPA Throughput Analysis

Counters :
Aal2PathVccTp

pmBwErrBlocks
pmBwLostCells
pmBwMissinsCells
pmFwErrBlocks
pmFwLostCells
pmFwMissinsCells
pmLostBrCells
pmLostFpmCells

HsDschResources

pmAckReceived
pmAverageUserRate
pmIubMacdPduCellReceivedBits
pmNackReceived
pmNoActiveSubFrames
pmNoInactiveRequiredSubFrames
pmReportedCqi
pmSumAckedBits
pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers
pmSumTransmittedBits
pmTransmittedCarrierPowerNonHs
pmUsedCqi

IubDataStreams

pmCapAllocIubHsLimitingRatio
pmHsDataFramesLost
pmHsDataFramesReceived
pmIubMacdPduRbsReceivedBits
pmTargetHsRate

Ericsson Internal 16

VplTp

pmReceivedAtmCells
pmTransmittedAtmCells
pmSecondsWithUnexp

VclTp

pmReceivedAtmCells
pmTransmittedAtmCells

RncFunction

pmSentPacketDataHs1 (is stepped only if < 1kB)

pmSentPacketDataHs2 (is stepped only if < 10kB but > 1kB)
pmSentPacketDataHs3 (is stepped only if < 100kB but > 10kB)
pmSentPacketDataHs4 (is stepped only if > 100kB).
pmTotalPacketDurationHs1 - duration for data < 1kB.
pmTotalPacketDurationHs2 - duration for data < 10kB but > 1kB
pmTotalPacketDurationHs3 - duration for data < 100kB but > 10kB
pmTotalPacketDurationHs4 - duration for data > 100kB

2008-11-28

HSDPA Throughput Analysis

KPIs:
RNC :

HsTputAverg = 8 * 1000 * ( pmSentPacketDataHs1 / 1000 + pmSentPacketDataHs2 / 1000 +

pmSentPacketDataHs3 + pmSentPacketDataHs4 ) / ( pmTotalPacketDurationHs1 + pmTotalPacketDurationHs2 +
pmTotalPacketDurationHs3 + pmTotalPacketDurationHs4 )

HsTputGt100KbAverg = 8 * 1000 * (pmSentPacketDataHs4) / (pmTotalPacketDurationHs4)

HsTputAverg is looking at HS throughput over all data transmission sizes, even if a small amount of data is sent.
HsTputGt100KbAverg is for data transmissions > 100kB, the HsTputGt100KbAverg should give a better indication
of the performance achieved with HS because you'd be most interested in the speed when performing large
downloads rather than when using smaller transmission sizes where you may not be utilizing the full 2ms air
interface frame.

RBS :

The average MAC-hs throughput per PS Interactive HSDPA user:

pmSumAckedBits / (TTI * pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers)
The average MAC-hs Data rate per PS Interactive HSDPA user:
pmSumTransmittedBits / (TTI * pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers)
The MAC-hs throughput on cell level:
pmSumAckedBits / (TTI * pmNoActiveSubFrame)
The MAC-hs data rate on cell level:
pmSumTransmittedBits / (TTI * pmNoActiveSubFrame)

Ericsson Internal 17

If MAC-hs Data rate mush

bigger than MAC-hs throughput
per user there is a high NACK
subframe, we need to check
BLER, R99 used power

2008-11-28

HSDPA Throughput Analysis

IubDataStreams
Is to check capacity limitation in the Iub Interface :

pmCapAllocIubHsLimitingRatio : is the relative number of occurrences when the calculated Capacity Allocation
figure is limited by the Iub HS bandwidth during a 100 ms period (compared to the total number of 100 ms periods in
the PM interval. This is related to Physical throughput, so it will include all the overheads, retransmissions, and the
HSDSCH throughput is not mapped to this counter directly. If the counter is pegging, that means the Iub bandwidth
limit as been met sometimes, so the configuration of the Iub, i.e., the AtmTrafficDescriptor on AAL2 VC's should be
verified.

pmtargetHsRate : is real capacity of the Iub interface is calculated by the Iub Flow Control according to
retransmission ratio and MaxHsRate

Transport Network

VplTp and VclTp counters are used to verify that everything is sent from RNC is received in RBS.
Is to check the quality of transport network.

Ericsson Internal 18

2008-11-28

HSDPA PARAMETRS

Ericsson Internal 19

(1)

2008-11-28

HSDPA PARAMETRS (2)

Ericsson Internal 20

2008-11-28

Ericsson Internal 21

2008-11-28