Symbols and Formula Masses of Atoms and Molecules The Atom Atoms and Molecules Isotopes The Mole Chemical FormulaAtomic Symbols * Each element is assigned a unique vs symbol. ® Each is |-2 letters and the first is capitalized. * Symbol may not match the name - often had a different name to start with. arsenic AS potassium K barium Ba nickel Ni carbon e nitrogen N chlorine cl oxygen oO hydrogen 4H radon Rn helium He titanium Ti gold Au uranium UThe atomic symbol A C Z # A- Atomic mass —_- Total protons & neutrons Z- Atomic number - # of protons or electrons C- Charge - +r - values # - Number - # of atoms in a formula.Formula Formula are used to represent the elements in a compound. @ Lists the elements in a compound. @ Tells how many of each element there are. @ May also show how the elements are connected to each other. H,0- water CH,CH,OH - ethyl alcohol 2 hydrogen 2 carbon, 6 hydrogen 1 oxygen and 1 oxygen (shows how atoms are arranged)Molecular representations ” ga * H,0 - water CH3CH,OH - ethyl alcoholSimple model of the atom Commonly called the Bohr model @ Electrons moved around nucleus in orbitals @ Electrons are found only in orbitals. @ Orbitals have fixed energy values called quantum levels.Charge +1 AMU 5.4x104 1.0 1.0 grams 9.11x1078 1.67x10* 1.67x10*Structure of the atom C ; Pace MAT (ee Meyer Li oae Lae soln Nucleus Small, dense, positive charge in the center of an atom that contains protons & neutrons. Saar a Surround the nucleus. Diffuse region of negative foi yem DN Melettaty CeCe Mi UCle cum rie am If it was the size of a marble, the atom Prete hill a football stadium.Isotopes Rennes Atoms of the same element but having different masses. Each isotope has a different number of neutrons Isotopes of hydrogen ; H iH 1H Isotopes of carbonIKYo} Ke) oy =13 Most elements occur in A } nature as a mixture of J > - isotopes. ov # of ee Cc 2 0 3 Fe 4 Sn 10 This is one reason why weights are not whole numbers. They are based on averages.Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each of the following. The atomic symbol & isotopes 31 138 238 (Cg eel ya| The mole Number of atoms in 12.000 grams of 12C 1 mol = 6.022 x 102? atoms = grams / formula weight | Atoms, lons and molecules are too small to directly measure - measured in AMU. _ Using moles gives us a practical unit. _ We can then relate atoms, ions and molecules __ which are too small to an easy to measure unit - grams.If we had one mole of water and one mole of __ hydrogen, we would have the name number of molecules of each. | molH2O = 6.022 x 1023 molecules ImolH2 = 6.022 x 1023 molecules We can’t weigh out moles -- we use grams. We would need to weigh out a different number of grams to have the same number of moleculesAtoms come in different sizes and masses. A mole of atoms of one type would have a different weight than a mole of another type. ezor 1,008 AMU or grarns/mol 16.00 AMU or grams/mol 95.94 AMU or grams/mol 207.2 AMU or grams/mol We rely on a straight forward system to relate mass and moles.Masses of atoms and molecules Atomic weight « The average, relative mass of an atom in an element. Atomic mass unit (amu) e Arbitrary mass unit used for atoms. * Relative to one type of carbon. Molecular or formula mass « The total mass for all atoms in a compound.Molar masses Once you know the weight of an atom, ion, or molecule, just remember: The numbers DON'T change -- just the units.Masses of atoms and molecules H,0 - water 2 hydrogen 2x 1.008 amu 1 oxygen 1 x 16.00 amu mass of molecule 18.02 amu 18.02 g/mol Rounded off based on significant figuresAnother example CH3CH,OH - ethyl alcohol 2 carbon 2x 12.01 amu 6 hydrogen 6x = 1.008 amu 1 oxygen 1x 16.00 amu mass of molecule 46.02 amu 46.02 g/molFormula mass Add the We in for ie)site Molecular mass Nel ite alec Tiree SIN an | So of all the atoms - for molecular Elite) cata roi fC]NNIE teh or molecules, Both have units of elena Ml Ohele ofAtiteFormula mass Sum the atomic masses of all elements in a compound based on the chemical formula. You must use the atomic masses of the elements listed in the periodic table. CO, 1 atom of Cand 2 atoms of 0 latomcC x 12.011 amu =12.011 amu 2 atoms Ox 15.9994 amu = 31.9988 amu Formula Weight = 44.010 amu or g/molExample - (NH4)2SO4 OK, this example is a little more complicated. The formula is in a format to show you how the various atoms are hooked up. ( N H, )o SO, We have two (NH,) units and one SO, unit. Now we can determine the number of atoms.Example - (NH4)2SO4 Ammonium sulfate contains - 2 nitrogen, 8 hydrogen, 1 sulfur and 4 oxygen. 2N x 14.01 = 28.02 8H x 1.008 = 8.064 ts x 32.06 = 32.06 40 x 16.00 = 64.00 Formula Weight = 132.14 Units are either AMU or grams / mol.