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Random Trip: Stationarity, Perfect Simulation and Long Range Dependence
Random Trip: Stationarity, Perfect Simulation and Long Range Dependence
Resources
This slide show
http://ica1www.epfl.ch/RandomTrip/slides/RandomTripLEBNov05.ppt
Documentation about random trip model, including ns2 code for download
http://ica1www.epfl.ch/RandomTrip/
This slide show is based on material from
Abstract
Abstract
The
Thesimulation
simulationof
ofmobility
mobilitymodels
modelsoften
oftencause
causeproblems
problemsdue
dueto
tolong
long
transients
or
even
lack
of
convergence
to
a
stationary
regime
transients or even lack of convergence to a stationary regime("The
("The
random
randomwaypoint
waypointmodel
modelconsidered
consideredharmful").
harmful").To
Toanalyze
analyzethis,
this,we
wedefine
define
aaformally
sound
framework,
which
we
call
the
random
trip
model.
formally sound framework, which we call the random trip model.
ItItisisaageneric
genericmobility
mobilitymodel
modelfor
forindependent
independentmobiles
mobilesthat
thatcontains
containsas
as
special
cases:
the
random
waypoint
on
convex
or
non
convex
special cases: the random waypoint on convex or non convexdomains,
domains,
random
randomwalk,
walk,billiards,
billiards,city
citysection,
section,space
spacegraph
graphand
andother
othermodels.
models.We
We
use
usePalm
Palmcalculus
calculusto
tostudy
studythe
themodel
modeland
andgive
giveaanecessary
necessaryand
andsufficient
sufficient
condition
conditionfor
foraastationary
stationaryregime
regimeto
toexist.
exist.When
Whenthis
thiscondition
conditionisissatisfied,
satisfied,
we
compute
the
stationary
regime
and
give
an
algorithm
to
start
we compute the stationary regime and give an algorithm to startaa
simulation
simulationininsteady
steadystate
state(perfect
(perfectsimulation).
simulation).The
Thealgorithm
algorithmdoes
doesnot
not
require
requirethe
theknowledge
knowledgeof
ofgeometric
geometricconstants.
constants.For
Forthe
thespecial
specialcase
caseof
of
random
randomwaypoint,
waypoint,we
weprovide
providefor
forthe
thefirst
firsttime
timeaaproof
proofand
andaasufficient
sufficient
and
andnecessary
necessarycondition
conditionof
ofthe
theexistence
existenceof
ofaastationary
stationaryregime.
regime.Further,
Further,
we
extend
its
applicability
to
a
broad
class
of
non
convex
we extend its applicability to a broad class of non convexand
andmulti-site
multi-site
examples,
examples,and
andprovide
provideaaready-to-use
ready-to-usealgorithm
algorithmfor
forperfect
perfectsimulation.
simulation.
For
the
special
case
of
random
walks
or
billiards
we
show
For the special case of random walks or billiards we showthat,
that,ininthe
the
stationary
regime,
the
mobile
location
is
uniformly
distributed
and
stationary regime, the mobile location is uniformly distributed andisis
independent
independentof
ofthe
thespeed
speedvector,
vector,and
andthat
thatthere
thereisisno
nospeed
speeddecay.
decay.Our
Our
framework
frameworkprovides
providesaarich
richset
setof
ofwell
wellunderstood
understoodmodels
modelsthat
thatcan
canbe
be
used
usedto
tosimulate
simulatemobile
mobilenetworks
networkswith
withindependent
independentnode
nodemovements.
movements.
Our
perfect
sampling
is
implemented
to
use
with
ns-2,
Our perfect sampling is implemented to use with ns-2,and
andititisisfreely
freely
available
to
download
from
http://ica1www.epfl.ch/RandomTrip
.
available to download from http://ica1www.epfl.ch/RandomTrip .
Contents
Mn-1
Mn
Random waypoint
Static
Contents
Mn+1=Pn+1(0)
trip end
Mn=Pn(0)
domain A
Here
HereMarkov
Markov
chain
chainisisPPn
n
Sn = (length of Pn) / Vn
Here
HereMarkov
Markovchain
chainisis
(P
(Pn,n,InI)n)
where
where
InI ==pause
pauseororIIn =move
=move
n
City Section
Here
HereMarkov
Markovchain
chainisis
(P
(Pn, ,InI, ,LLn, ,LLn+1, ,RRn))
n
n+1
Where
Where
InI ==pause
pauseororIIn n=move
=move
n
LLn ==current
currentsub-domain
sub-domain
n
LLn+1 ==next
nextsubdomain
subdomain
n+1
RRn ==number
numberofoftrips
tripsininthis
this
n
visit
visittotothe
thecurrent
currentdomain
domain
Contents
A Fair Comparison
If there is a stationary regime,
we can compare different
mobility patterns provided that
1. They are in the stationary regime
2. They have the same stationary
distributions of locations
Random waypoint
on sphere
Random walk
Contents
back
Closed Forms
Contents
Practical Implications
Conclusion
The random trip model provides a rich set of
mobility models for single node mobility
Using Palm calculus, the issues of stability and
perfect simulation are solved
Random Trip is implemented in ns2 (by S.
PalChaudhuri) and is available at
web site given earlier