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Distillation Column1
Distillation Column1
Column
Distillation:
PLATE CONTACTORS:
Cross flow plate are the most commonly used plate contactor in
distillation. In which liquid flows downward and vapours flow
upward. The liquid move from plate to plate via down comer. A
certain level of liquid is maintained on the plates by weir.
Selection of Trays:
Sieve Tray
Man
Way
Calming
Zone
Major Beam
Plate Support
Ring
FLOW SHEET
REFLUX
DRUM
Condenser
REFLUX DRUM
FEED FEED
Pump
(1) Methyl
Iodide
= 0.074
(1) Methyl
Iodide
= 0.07
(2) Acetic
= 0.65
(2) Acetic
AcidAcid
= 0.65
(3)Methyl Acetate = 0.215
(3)MethylAcetate=0.22
(4) Water = 0.065
(4) Water = 0.065
Reboiler
(1)Acetic Acid = 0.99
(2)Water = 0.01
Component
Feed
Fraction
xf
(1)
0.07
0.65
0.99
Methyl
Bottom
Fraction
xb
Top
Fraction
xd
0.21
Iodide
(2)
Acetic
0.0005
DESIGNING STEPS OF
DISTILLATION COLUMN
Calculation of Minimum number of stages.Nmin
Calculation of Minimum Reflux Ratio R .
m
Rm 1
A B
R Rmin
0.75 1
N 1
R
0.566
Eo 51 32.5 log avg . avg
x
N
x
LK B
D
B
HK
log
.206 log
N B
D
x LK
x HK D
From which,
Number of Plates above the feed tray = ND = 47
Number of Plates below the feed tray = NB = 21
Determination of the
Column Diameter:
Flow Parameter:
L
FLV n
Vn
0.5
Capacity Parameter:
Assumed tray spacing = 18 inch (0.5 m)
From Fig (15-5) Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineering, sieve tray flooding capacity,
Csb = 0.0760 m/Sec
0.5
0.2
18.35
v
Surface tension of Mixture
dynes/Cm
= l=
V C
nf
sb
20
Vnf=1.67 m/sec
Assume 90% of flooding then
Vn=0.9Vnf
So, actual vapor velocity,
Vn=1.51 m/sec
Ac = An + 0.15(Ac)
Ac = An / 0.85
Ac=1.65 m2
So Diameter of Column Is
Ac =(/4)D2
D = (4Ac/)
D = 1.45 meter = 5ft
(based upon bottom conditions)
Lw / dc = 0.80
Lw = 1.452*0.80
= 0.733 m
Weir length should be 60 to 85% of column
diameter which is satisfactory
Take weir height, hw=
50 mm
Hole diameter, dh
=
5 mm
Plate thickness
=
5 mm
Check Weeping:
K 2 0.9 25.4 d h
U min
v 1 / 2
how=750[(Lm/lw*)2/3]
Maximum liquid rate Lm= 4.7 kg/sec
Minimum Liquid Rate At 70% turn down ratio
= 3.3Kg/sec
At Maximum rate ( how)= 20 mm Liquid
At Minimum rate (how) = 16 mm Liquid
hw + how = 50 + 16 = 66 mm Liquid
from fig 11.30, Coulson and Richardson Vol.6
K2 = 30.50
So,
U (min) = 9 m/sec
U h
C o
V
hd 51
L
So,
ht hd ( hw how ) hr
Total pressure drop
=48+(50+20)+13.32
ht = 131.35 mm liquid
Total column pressure drop Pa, (N/m2)
= (9.81*10-3) htLN
= 82771.6 Pa = 82 kPa
hdc 166
l wd
L Aap
so,
hap = hw (5 to 10 mm)
hap = 40 mm
Area under apron Aap = 0.05 m2
As a result,
hb = 203.24 mm
= 0.203 m
hb < (Tray spacing + weir height)
Check Entrainment:
(un) actual velocity = (maximum volumetric
flow rate at base Vm / net area An)
(un) actual velocity = 1.51 m/sec
Velocity at flooding condition Uf = 1.67 m/sec
So Percent flooding =un/ uf = 0.90 = 90%
No of Holes:
Area of 1 Hole = (/4) Dhole2
= 0.00002 m2
Area of N Holes = 0.1158 m2
So,
Number OF Holes = 5900
how=Weir crust
Plate Specifications
1.45m height=35m
Hole
diameter=5mm
hap=40 mm
No. of
holes=5900
h W=50 mm
Identification:
Item
Distillation column
No. required
1
Tray type
Sieve tray
Function: Separation of Acetic Acid from iodo methane
and Reaction by products.
Operation: Continuous
Material handled:
Feed
Amount
Compositio
n
of
Acetic Acid
Temp.
4755 Kg/hr
Top
1968 Kg/hr
Bottom
2786 Kg/hr
0.64
0.005
0.99
119oC
71oC
118oC
Design data:
No. of tray= 68
Pressure = 101.325 Kpa
Height of column = 35
m
Diameter of
column=1.45m
Hole size = 5 mm
Pressure drop per
tray=1.2 Kpa
Tray thickness = 5 mm
References
The End