WHAT IS

PROGRAMMED
INSTRUCTION
Programmed instruction is one of
the important of the 20th century
in the teaching-learning process.
It is the application of the
principles of bahavioural science
and technology in the field of
education.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF

PROGRAMMING
Linear programming
1. Developed by skinner
2. Originated from
psychological
experiments.
3. Based on operand
conditioning theory of
B.F skinner
4. Response- Centered
approach of learning.

Branched Programming
1. Developed by crowder
originated from human
training situation.
2. Based on problem
solving approach.
There is no proper
learning theory behind
it.
3. Stimulus- Centered
approach of learning.

5. Using the principle

of small steps
reinforcement and
active response.
6. There is self- pacing
and self evaluation.
7.
Response is controlled
by the programmer.

4. Considering these
aspects stimulus
response
reinforcement.
5. There is diagnosis
and remedial work.
Response is controlled
by the learner

PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION

1. Principles of smaller steps: The content is analysed and

2.

3.

4.
5.

divided in to small bits of knowledge. These bits of knowledge

are inter related.
Provision for active response: In linear programming there is a
space for response. In branched programming a multiple
choice response is given.
Principles of reinforcement: Each and every responds is
immediately reinforced and the motivation act as a stimulus
for further learning.
Principles of sequencial odering: Each bit of knowledge is
skillfully sequencial.
Individual difference: Each individual can progress at his own
rate.

ADVANTAGES OF PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION

1. Student is kept active and alert.

2. Social emotional problems can be

eliminated.
3. It makes learning interesting by using small
steps and reinforcement.
4. Students can work at his own pace.
5. Not much costly, easy for learners, makes
learning effective, systematic and
meaningful.

LIMITATIONS
1. There is no competition or grades.
2. Construction is not easy for the programmer.
3. There is no emotional atmosphere of a

classroom.
4. Every subjects or topics can not be learn
through programmed instruction.
5. There is no freedom for the learner so it
never promote his imagination or initiative.
6. It is time consuming.