QUASI FEDERATION

INTRODUCTION
Prof. K. C Wheare calls Indian Polity as
Quasi Federal

INDIA DOES NOT STRICTLY CONFORM

TO THE FEDERAL FEATURES
Dual

citizenship
Parallel system of Judiciary
Rigidity of Constitution

The Constitution of India has following

federal features
Double

Govt.
Separation of powers
Written constitution
Distinction between constitution and
ordinary law

INDIAN SYSTEM CONTAINS FOLLOWING

UNITARY FEATURES

Central govt can send directions to the state govt.

The governors are to be appointed by the President
Parliament may change the boundaries of any state
Centre enjoys the residuary powers
Centre even has control over the state list
Laws passed by the state legislatures may be
reserved for the consideration of the President
Central Reserve Police force
States have to seek grants from the union

INDIAN SYSTEM CONTAINS FOLLOWING

UNITARY FEATURES
Failure

of constitutional machinery in the

state President assume all the powers
Financial emergency
Single citizenship
Single judicial system
All India services