CONDUCTIVITY

dn in Ghi nh
dn in l phn tch theo phng php in
ha.
o dn in da trn kh nng dn dng in
ca nc.
o dn in c th c tnh c tng cht rn
ha tan trong nc.

 dn in Ni dung

Gii thiu dn in
L thuyt o dn in
dn in vs. TDS
K thut o

 dn in-gii thiu
Tng t vi pH v ISE, dn in c o theo
phng php in ha
in ha hc = khoa hc kt hp gia in v ha
hc

Ti sao dn in quan trng?

C th c tnh c tng cht rn ha tan trong
mu cht lng
TDS l thng s o cht lng nc ban u trong
cc ng dng
Nc ung
Nc ti tiu

Phng php o TDS truyn thng

o theo trng lng TDS th tn nhiu thi giancn c cn, ng ong th tch v l nung
Lc mu vi th tch bit trc
t vo l nung
Mu kh n khi lng khng i

 dn in v TDS
dn in ca nc c th cung cp d dng v
nhanh chng mt c tnh hp l v TDS cho hu
ht cc ng dng.
u o vo mu v thu c kt qu tc th

 dn in Ni dung

Gii thiu dn in
L thuyt o dn in
dn in vs. TDS
K thut o

L thuyt o dn in
dn in l g?
dn in l kh nng to thnh dng in tch ca
dung dch.

L thuyt o dn in
Nc tinh khit dn in km.
Nc tinh khit c in tr cao ngn cn dng in tch.

Pure Water

L thuyt o dn in
Nng cc ion trong nc cng cao (t cc mui)
th kh nng dn in cng tt.

Nc mui

Ions l g?
Ion l mt nguyn t hay phn t c mang in tch,
m hoc dng.
Cation ion mang in tch dng
Anion ion mang in tch m

Ions l g?
Ions trong dung dch cng c bit nh l cht
in phn, bi v s hin din ca chng cho php
dn in.

Cc ion c t u?
Ions n t cc hp cht ion ha tan mt phn hay
hon ton trong dung dch lng.
Mui NaCl
Ferric chloride FeCl3
Potassium permanganate KMnO4

Cc ion no ph bin?
CATIONS
Calcium (Ca2+)
Magnesium (Mg2+)

ANIONS
Chloride (Cl )
Nitrate (NO3 )

Sodium (Na+)

Sulfate (SO42 )

Iron (Fe2+)

Phosphate (PO43 )

Aluminum (Al3+)

Bicarbonate(HCO3 )

Ci g khng phi l ion?

Hu ht cc vt cht hu c nh du, phenols, ru
v ng khng hnh thnh ion v khng c kh
nng dn in (khng c dn in)

Nc ng

 dn in-ng dng
dn in c o d dng v c li ch trong
nhiu ng dng.

Nc ung
Nc thi
Nc mi trng (nc ti tiu)
Nc ni hi/thp lm lnh

 dn in -ng dng
dn in c th lin quan ti:

tinh khit ha hc ca nc
Lng cht rn tan trong mt dung dch
Hiu sut ca cc qu trnh x l khc nhau
Nng mui trong nc bin

 dn in c o nh th no?
u o dn in o in tr ca mt dung
dch.

 dn in c o nh th no?
Mt in th c p vo gia hai in cc nhng
trong dung dch th nghim, v in th gim i gy
ra bi in tr ca dung dch c tnh l dn
in ca dung dch .

 dn in c o nh th no?
in th gim t= dn in cao (hay in tr
thp)
in th gim nhiu= dn in thp (hay in
tr cao)

 dn in n v
n v c bn ca dn in l siemen (hay mho)
mho l vit nghch o ca ohm (n v ca in tr)

Thang o trong dung dch lng

Millisiemens trn cm - mS/cm
Microsiemens trn cm - S/cm

 dn in Ni dung

Gii thiu dn in
L thuyt o dn in
dn in vs. TDS
K thut o

Xc nh TDS
TDS din t tng nng ion theo n v
grams/liter (g/L) hay milligrams/liter (mg/L).
u o khng xc nh c tng loi ion
N o tng nng ca tt c ion thnh phn ca dung
dch

TDS v dn in
Thng thng: TDS = 0.5 X dn in
y l h s thc nghim c chn do n n gin
v ph hp vi nhiu ng dng khc nhau.

TDS v dn in
TDS gn nh tng ng vi nng NaCl khi
dng h s chuyn i l 0.5 nhng khng phi
tt c dung dch u c cu to nh NaCl
Cn bit rng nhit v tnh ion ca mt mu chn
h s chnh xc hn

Hu ht nc t nhin c h s gn bng 0.65 do

NaCl khng phi l mui duy nht trong dung dch

TDS versus dn in
200
150
mg/L TDS
as NaCl

100
50

100

200

300
400
EC S / cm

500

600

TDS v dn in
S kt hp cc ion hin din trong nc t nhin
cho mt h s gn vi :
TDS = 0.65 X dn in
My o dn in ca Hach hin thi c th lp
trnh chp nhn h s khc (hay mt h s hon
ton khc bit)

TDS v dn in
200
mg/L TDS 150
as NaCl
vs mg/L 100
Actual TDS
50

100

200

300
400
EC S / cm

500

600

 dn in Ni dung

Gii thiu dn in
L thuyt o dn in
dn in vs. TDS
K thut o

Hiu chun
Yu cu hiu chun thng k do tui th ca thnh
phn in ca u o hay mt u o mi c gn
vo
Hiu chun bng dung dch chun vi dn in v
nhit tng t vi mu thng thng.
Cng c th hiu chun bng cch iu chnh hng
s cell.

Hng s Cell
Th tch ca dung dch c dng o bng u
o c thit k xc nh hng s cell ca u o
tr khng in tr gia 2 mt song song l mt
1-cm khi
in cc c thit k o phn s ca in tr
c bit
Phn s ca in tr c gi l hng s cell

S b tr nhit
dn in chu tc ng nhit ca mu
o dn in lin quan n nhit tham chiu:
25 C (chung nht)
Mt vng dy b tr nhit iu chnh gi tr o
cn c ging vi nhit tham chiu.

S b tr nhit
H s nhit trong thit b ca Hach l 2% / C
(c th c iu chnh).

S b tr nhit
Nhit dung dch c o bi nhit k c trong
u o dn in
B tr nhit t ng cho c o dn in v TDS

Cm bin
nhit

o mu
t u o vo mu, chc chn l im cui ngp
hon ton trong mu.
Khuy mnh u o loi b bt kh.
Ch cho kt qu hin ra n nh.

Bo qun u o
u o phi kh
Khi s dng li phi mt thi gian u o b
t tr li.

Bo tr
Ra v lm kh gia cc ln o trnh b nhim
bn.
u o b d s nh hng chnh xc u o
phi c lm sch vi dung dch ty mnh hoc
nhng trong dung dch axit HCl 1: 1 sau ra li
vi nc DI.

H s chuyn i
Kt qu o dn in c th chuyn sang di
nhiu n v khc bng cch nhn hoc chia vi h
s chuyn i.
Bng sau cho php thc hin chuyn i n v d
dng
Ghi nh l chuyn t n v dn in sang n v ca
TDS ch l c lng.

H s chuyn i
T

Sang

Cng thc

mS/cm
S/cm
S/cm
mS/cm
S/cm
mS/cm
S/cm
S/cm
mS/cm

S/cm
mS/cm
mhos/cm
mmhos/cm
mg/L TDS as NaCl
g/l TDS as NaCl
meq/L TDS
ohms cm
ohms cm

mS/cm x1000
1 X 0.001
S/cm X 1
mS/cm X 1
S/cm X 0.5
mS/cm X 0.5
S/cm 100
1,000,000 S/cm
1,000 mS/cm

 dn in Ghi nh
dn in l phn tch theo phng php in
ha.
o dn in da trn kh nng dn dng in
ca nc.
o dn in c th c tnh c tng cht rn
ha tan trong nc.

CONDUCTIVITY