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StreamLine Simulation SLS
StreamLine Simulation SLS
Group 6
Team members
1. Abdelhamid Abdo Mohamed
2. Ahmed Abdallah Fouad
3. Ahmed Mohamed Hussein Ali
4. Ahmed Saad Ghonem
5. Doaa Abdelwahab Shaker
6. Mahmoud Ghonim Hassan
7. Marwa Hammad Mohamed Hassan
8. Mechael Gerges
9. Mahmoud Sayed Ahmed
10.Mohamed Adel Abaza
11.Mohannad Moustafa
Outlines
Historical View.
Streamline Simulator Approach.
Advantages of SL simulation.
Applications.
Stream Line Simulation Formulation.
Conclusion.
Sensitivity Runs.
Summary.
HISTORICAL VIEW
Historical view
Using streamlines for modeling subsurface flow has
been in the literature since 1930.
In the early 1960s streamlines and stream tubes
have received repeated attention as a way to
numerically predict the movement of fluids.
In 1990s, and as a result of the advances in
geological modeling techniques; there were a
number of new developments for streamline
simulation that brought it back (revived) into the
limelight.
Approach
Instead of moving fluids from cell-tocell, Streamline Simulation breaks up
the reservoir into one-dimensional
systems, or tubes.
The transport equations are then
solved along the one-dimensional
space defined by the streamlines using
the concept of time-of-flight (TOF).
Advantages
1. Efficiency and computational speed
2. Flow visualization
2. Flow Visualization
Streamlines produce new
data not available with
conventional simulators.
Since a streamline starts
at a source and ends in a
sink, it is possible to
determine which injectors
are supporting a
particular producer, and
exactly by how much.
APPLICATIONS
Applications
1. Improving Water flooding
Management.
Well Allocation Factors & Pore volumes.
Injector Efficiency.
Producer Efficiency.
Pattern Balancing.
2. Upscaling
We can know:
Well Allocation Factors quantify the
amount of flow in a particular well due
to other wells in the system.
Well Pore Volumes are the reservoir
volumes associated with each individual
well.
Injector
Efficiency
Producer Efficiency
Streamlines allow to determine the pore volume associated with
any well, a significantly analysis might be to cross-plot oil
production versus average oil saturation for each producer.
Efficient producers are those producing at high rates while
contacting relatively low oil saturations. Similarly, Inefficient
producers would be wells producing at low rates while contacting
high average oil saturations
Red Producers :
need improvement
through work over or
sidetracking.
Pattern Balancing:
Knowing the allocation of flow between well
pairs is the starting point of any technique to
balance well patterns in water floods.
For each injector, the amount of injected fluid
supporting any producer in the field is known
exactly
Using this information and the visual display of
streamlines allows patterns to be balanced
more correctly and efficiently than with current
techniques.
2. Upscaling
Memory & CPU time limitations by finite
difference/volume simulators force a coarser
resolution of reservoirs models through upscaling.
Geologists today often generate highly
heterogeneous descriptions of reservoirs, describing
complex structures in considerable detail to build
the geological model.
The result is that the detailed reservoir models tend
to contain too many grid cells which must be
reduced through upscaling due to the computing
speed and time limitation of computing.
Upscaling is substituting a
heterogeneous property region consisting
of fine grid cells with an equivalent
homogeneous region made up of a single
coarse-grid cell with an effective property
value.
SLS FORMULATION
SLS Formulation
SLS is not a special reservoir problem
but an alternative to conventional
simulation approach.
Normal reservoir simulation
techniques are called Finite
Difference Simulators FDS.
The key idea is to decompose 2D or
3D flow problem into a sequence of
1D displacements along streamlines.
SLS Flowchart
Calculate the pressure
field so the saturation
field is at tn
Repeat for
each
stream
line
Repeat for
each time
step
Formulation
Equation for solving pressure field
Where
,
Velocity fields from Darcys law
where
Since
direction
Pick
up the current saturation information from
each grid block that the streamline passes.
Calculate TOF
Is the key equation in SLS.
It is a 1D phase material balance
equation transformed along
streamline coordinate.
It is similar to Buckley-Leverett frontal
saturation equation.
It can be solved either numerically
Bommer & Schecter (1979) or
analytically Higgins & Leighton (1962).
Conclusion
Additions to simulation equations.
Decompose a 2D or 3D-flow problem into a
sequence of 1D displacements along streamlines.
Writing the mass conservation equations in terms
on time-of-flight (TOF).
Solution vector.
Solution vector of pressure solving equation is
similar to finite difference solution vector.
Saturation equation is 1D displacement equation
along the streamline.
Computation requirements.
Compute the total Darcy velocities
based on the pressure potentials.
Solve the saturation equation
individually on each of the streamlines.
Accumulate all the solution variables.
SENSITIVITY RUNS
Case Study 1
Change Permeability
Ecl_sample 10_1 :
Base Case
Ecl_sample 10 :
New case
Linear Iteration _ Base Case
Linear Iteration _ Permeability
Reduction
Case Study 2
GRID Dimensions (21X21X1)
Homogenous Reservoir
5-spot Pattern (four Producer and
One Injector)
More details for model can be found
in data file.
Change Permeability
Summary
Streamline simulation is very efficient in :
1. Run time and accuracy.
2. Incompressible or Slightly compressible models.
3. Heterogeneities and large grid size.
References
1. Roderick Panko Batycky, A Three-dimensional Two-Phase field scale streamline
simulator
2. Bommer, M.P. and Schechter, R.S, Mathematical Modeling of In-Situ Uranium
Leaching, Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal (December 1979)
3. Higgins R.V. and Leighton, A.J, A Computer Method to Calculate Two Phase Flow in Any
Irregularly Bounded Porous Medium," Journal of Petroleum Technology (June 1962)
4. Baker, Richard, Jr : Streamline Technology , Journal of Canadian Petroleum
Technology , April 2001, Volume 40,No. 4.
5. Datta-Gupta, Akhil, and Michael J King. Streamline Simulation. Richardson, TX: Society
of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. Print.
6. Denis Jose Schiozer , Analysis of the performance of streamline simulation, paper
presented at 2nd Meeting on reservoir simulation , Argentina, November 5-6, 2002.
7. K. Jessen and F.M. Orr Jr.: Compositional Streamline Simulation, paper SPE 77379
presented at Stanford University.
8. Macro Thiele : Streamline Simulation, presented at International Forum on
Reservoir Simulation , Austria , September 3-7, 2001
9. Pomata M. and Menendez A.,Consultants, and j.valle: Streamline-Based Simulator for
Unstructured Grids, paper SPE 107391 presented at SPE Latin American and
Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference , Argentina, April 15-17, 2007.
10.Schlumberger, FrontSim Technical Manual ,2008.1.