2D Materials & Van Der

Waals Heterostructure

2D materials has grown appreciably since the first isolation of graphene.

2D materials offer great flexibility in terms of tuning their electronic properti

es.

Crystals with transition metals in their chemical composition are particularly

prone to many-body instabilities : superconductivity, charge density waves(CD
Ws), spin density waves(SDWs).

The charge transfers between the layers can still be very large.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD

Cs)

Offering a broad range of electronic properties, from insulating or semicondu

cting to metallic or semimtallic.

All TMDCs have a hexagonal structure.

Trigonal prismatic & octahedral.

Trigonal prismatic : inversion symmetry broken

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octahedral : lower-symmetry structures

Metallic TMDCs

Fermi level of the undoped material is always crossing a band with d-orbital c
haracter.

DOS at the Fermi level is usually quite high.

The existence of CDWs and superconductivity in their phase diagrams.

A recent experiment on .

Phase transitions in 2D materials

Electrons in a solid are characterized by several quantum numbers : charge &

spin.

Electrons can organize themselves in phases characterized by order paramete

r that is associated with these degrees of freedom.

In 2D system, long-range order is possible only at strictly 0 temperature.

When T=0, it is also possible for a system to be disordered if one varies an ext
ernal parameter such as pressure or electric field, E.

T=0 is called the quantum critical point, and the transitions are called the qu
antum critical point, and the transitions are called quantum phase transitions
.

Phase transition which diverges:

In a classical phase transition, the behavior is driven by thermal fluctuations.

Quasi-long-range order(KT transition) : (T)

Reference

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/284249005_fig3_Figure-3-Various-'sea
mless'-contact-schemes-a-CNT-GNR-contact-b-Graphene-GNR

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