COLUMN DESIGN
Elastic moment
Second order moment
P-D analysis
EXERCISE
Draw the interaction diagram for the column cross section given
below and show at least the following points on the interaction
diagram
pure axial compression
Balanced point
A point between axial compression and balanced failure point
A point corresponding to pure flexural capacity
Assume that if then the points are found as shown below.
COLUMN DESIGN (ACI-318)
Limits for reinforcement of compression members,
Astfor non-composite compression members shall not
be less than 0.01Ag or more than 0.08Ag n
Minimum number of longitudinal bars shall be 4 for
bars within rectangular or circular ties.
Volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio rs shall be not
less than the value given by;
Where the value of fyt shall not exceed 100,000psi
SLENDERNESS EFFECTS IN COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slenderness effects shall be permitted to be neglected in
the following cases:
For compression members not braced against sideway
when:
For compression members braced against sidesway when:
Where M1/M2 is positive if the column is bent in single curvature, and
negative if the member is bent in double curvature.
Compression members braced against sideways when bracing elements
have a total stiffness, resisting lateral movement of the story, of at least
12 times the gross stiffness of the columns within the story.
SLENDERNESS EFFECTS IN COMPRESSION MEMBERS
EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTORS
SLENDERNESS EFFECTS IN COMPRESSION MEMBERS
lu - the unsupported length of a compression member; shall be
taken as the clear distance between floor slabs, beams or
other members capable of providing lateral support in the
direction being considered.
The radius of gyration, r :
Ig
r
Ag
Total moment including second-order effects in
compression members, restraining beams, or other
structural members shall not exceed 1.4 times the
moment due to first-order effects.
NONLINEAR SECOND-ORDER ANALYSIS
Second-order analysis shall consider
material nonlinearity,
member curvature and lateral drift
duration of loads, shrinkage and creep, and
interaction with the supporting foundation.
Elastic second-order analysis
Itshall be permitted to use the following properties for the members in the structure:
(a) Modulus of elasticity...................... Ec
(b) Moments of inertia, I
Compression members:
Columns .................................................... 0.70Ig
Walls—Uncracked ..................................... 0.70Ig
—Cracked......... ...... ....................................0.35Ig
Flexural members:
Beams ....................................................... 0.35Ig
Flat plates and flat slabs............................ 0.25Ig
(c) Area........................................................... 1.0Ag
ELASTIC SECOND-ORDER ANALYSIS
Alternatively, the moments of inertia of compression and
flexural members, I, shall be permitted to be computed as
follows:
Compression members:
I need not be taken less than 0.35Ig.
Flexural members:
I need not be taken less than 0.25Ig.
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION PROCEDURE
It shall be permitted to assume a column in a structure is non-
sway if the increase in column end moments due to second-
order effects does not exceed 5 percent of the first-order end
moments.
It also shall be permitted to assume a story within a structure is
non-sway if:
where ΣPu and Vus are the total factored vertical load and
the horizontal story shear, respectively, in the story being
evaluated,
Δo is the first-order relative lateral deflection between the top
and the bottom of that story due to Vus .
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION PROCEDURE - NONSWAY
Compression members shall be designed for factored
axial force Pu and the factored moment amplified for the
effects of member curvature Mc as:
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION PROCEDURE - NONSWAY
EI shall be taken as:
For members without transverse loads between
supports, Cm shall be taken as:
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION PROCEDURE - NONSWAY
where M1/M2 is positive if the column is bent in single curvature,
and negative if the member is bent in double curvature. For
members with transverse loads between supports, Cm shall be
taken as 1.0
Factored moment, M2, in Eq. (above) shall not be taken less
than:
about each axis separately, where 0.6 and h are in inches.
EXAMPLE
