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Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Channel and Matched Filter Detection

This document discusses additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and matched filter detection. It begins by explaining the Gaussian distribution and its key parameters of mean and variance. The central limit theorem is introduced, stating that the sum of independent random variables approaches a Gaussian distribution. Bit error rate (BER) is then defined as a measure of link quality, depending on signal-to-noise ratio. Logic levels are modeled as Gaussian distributions. The document concludes by introducing matched filter detection as an optimal receiver structure for digital communication links over AWGN channels.

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114 views32 pages

Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Channel and Matched Filter Detection

This document discusses additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and matched filter detection. It begins by explaining the Gaussian distribution and its key parameters of mean and variance. The central limit theorem is introduced, stating that the sum of independent random variables approaches a Gaussian distribution. Bit error rate (BER) is then defined as a measure of link quality, depending on signal-to-noise ratio. Logic levels are modeled as Gaussian distributions. The document concludes by introducing matched filter detection as an optimal receiver structure for digital communication links over AWGN channels.

Uploaded by

SameerGirdhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Additive White

Gaussian Noise
(AWGN) Channel
and Matched
Filter Detection
ELE 745 Digital
Communications
Xavier Fernando

ELE 745 AWGN Channel

PART I GAUSSIAN
DISTRIBUTION

Gaussian (Normal)
Distribution
The Normal or Gaussian distribution, is an
important family of continuous probability
distributions
The mean ("average", ) and variance (standard
deviation squared, 2) are the defining
parameters
The standard normal distribution is the
normal distribution with zero mean (=0) and
unity variance (2 =1)
Many measurements, from psychological to
thermal noise can be approximated by the
Gaussian distribution.

Gaussian RV

General Gaussian RV

PDF of Gaussian
Distribution

Standard Norma Distribution

CDF of Gaussian
Distribution

The Central Limit


Theorem

The sum of independent, identically


distributed large number of random
variables with finite variance is
approximately normally distributed under
certain conditions
Ex: Binomial distribution B(n,p) approaches normal for
large n and p
The Poisson() distribution is approximately normal N(,)
for large values of .
The chi-squared distribution approaches normal for large
k.
The Students t-distribution t() approaches normal N(0,1)
when is large.

Area under Gaussian PDF

The area within +/- is 68% (dark blue)


The area within +/- 2 is 95% (medium and dark blue)
The area within +/- 2 is 99.7% (light, medium, and dark blue)

Bit Error Rate (BER)


BER is the ratio of erroneous bits to correct
bits
BER is an important quality measure of
digital communication link
BER depends on the signal and noise power
(Signal to Noise Ratio)
BER requirement is different for different
services and systems
Wireless link BER < 10-6 while Optical BER < 1012

Voice Low BER while Data High BER

Logic 0 and 1 probability


distributions
Pe

1
2

P1 (Vth ) P0 (Vth )

P0 (Vth ) p ( y / 0)dy
Vth

P1 (Vth )

Vth

p( y /1)dy

Digital Receiver
Performance

Probability of error assuming


Equal ones and zeros
Where,

Pe

1
2

P1 (Vth ) P0 (Vth )

P0 (Vth ) p ( y / 0)dy
Vth

P1 (Vth )

Vth

p ( y /1)dy

Depends on the noise variance at on/off levels and the


Threshold voltage Vth that is decided to minimize the Pe;
Often Vth = V+ + V-

The Q
Function

Fx(x) = 1 Q(X)

Error Probability of On-Off Signaling

BER (Pe) versus


Q factor in a
Typical Digital
Communication
Link

PART-II
MATCHED FILTER
DETECTION

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