NAJWA FARHANA

LI LBM 5 SARAF

Potensial Membran

SEIZURE
A seizure is a result of excessive nerve-cell discharges
in the brain. It is seen as a sudden abnormal function of
the body, often with loss of consciousness, an excess of
muscular activity, or sometimes a loss of it, or an
abnormal sensation.
The excessive nerve-cell discharges or excitation may
remain in a small area of the brain (a localized lesion or focus)
giving rise to partial (focal) seizures, or start immediately in
the whole brain or spread from the small area (focus) to the
whole brain and spinal cord giving rise to generalized
seizures.
Not only may these discharges vary in site, but also in
severity and extent, therefore a wide variation of clinical
forms is seen. A seizure is also referred to as a convulsion,
fit, or attack. However, the words convulsion or fit are
usually used to refer to seizures with tonic-clonic muscle
movements.

EPILEPSY
The word epilepsy comes from the Greek and
means to be taken, seized or attacked.
Epilepsy is a condition characterized by
repeated seizures due to a disorder of the
brain cells. It is a life-long tendency, though the
seizures may start at any time during life and occur
sporadically or frequently. Some of the epilepsies
are confined to particular age groups. Some suffer
from it their whole lives and others only for a few
years (average approximately 13 years).
Epilepsy may develop after a particular
identifiable event (e.g., asphyxia, head injury,
meningitis), in which case it is called symptomatic
epilepsy, or it may develop without any identifiable
cause, and then it is called idiopathic epilepsy.

CAUSES OF SEIZURES

Meningitis or
encephalitis and
their complications
may be a cause of
seizures at any age.
This is true also of
severe metabolic
disturbances. In
tropical and
subtropical
countries, parasitic
infection of the CNS
is a common cause.

CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURES

Simple Partial Seizures

Complex Partial Seizures

Generalized Tonic-clonic Seizure

Absence Seizure

Status Epilepticus

MECHANISM

ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS

Cont.

MENINGITIS

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