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PHN TCH TUYN THNG TIN S

Ni dung:
5.1 Cc ngun gy nhiu v suy hao tn hiu
5.2 Tnh ton cng sut tn hiu
5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu
5.4 Tnh ton phn b cng sut tn hiu/ nhiu (Link Budget)
Bi tp

12/07/16

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5.1 Cc ngun gy nhiu v suy hao tn hiu:

Cc ngun gy nhiu v suy hao ch yu trong tuyn thng tin v tinh:

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5.1 Cc ngun gy nhiu v suy hao tn hiu (tt):

S suy hao tn hiu do ma

12/07/16

Chch hng anten s gy ra tn hao

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5.2 Tnh ton cng sut tn hiu:

Xt ngun bc x ng hng c cng sut Pt. Cn tnh cng sut thu Pr ???
Mt thng lng ti A:

Pt
p(d )
4d 2

(Watts/m2)

Cng sut nhn c bi anten thu:

Pr p(d ) Aer

Pt Aer (*)
4d 2

trong : Aer l din tch hiu dng (effective area) ca anten thu.
: l bc sng
Cch tnh Ae:
Ap: din tch vt l
2
Ae
Anten v hng:
Ap r 2(r: bn knh)
4
Anten nh hng:
12/07/16

Ae Ap
4

= 0.55 : anten parabol

= 0.75 : anten nn.

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5.2 Tnh ton cng sut tn hiu (tt):

li anten:
li anten =

li nh hng ca anten G (khi khng c tn hao)

G x h s tn hao (khi c tn hao)

Vi anten v hng: G =1
Quan h gia G v Ae:

4Ae

Nhn xt:
Khi tn s s dng f tng ln G tng ln li ca anten tng.
Khi kch thc ca anten tng ln Ae tng ln li ca anten
tng ln.

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5.2 Tnh ton cng sut tn hiu (tt):

Cng sut bc x v hng tng ng EIRP (Equivalent Isotropically
Radiated Power ):

EIRP PG
t
t

EIRP chnh l cng sut c bc x bi anten v hng c cng cng

vi anten ang xt.
V d: Xt m hnh nh hnh v
Ta c:
EIRP1 = Pt.Gt = 100x1=100 W
EIRP2 = Pt.Gt = 0.1x1000=100 W

Tn hao khng gian t do FSL (Free Space Loss):

4 d
Ls

12/07/16

khi tn s s dng f cng ln,

tn hao Ls cng tng
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5.2 Tnh ton cng sut tn hiu (tt):

Tnh cng sut ti pha thu:
T (*), vit li:

Aer
Pr EIRP
4d 2
Thay Aer, Ls vo, ta c:

EIRP.Gr . 2
Gr
Pr
EIRP
2
(4 d )
Ls
Vy, cng sut tn hiu ti pha thu:

Gt Gr
Gr (L0: i din cho cc tn hao khc:
Pr Pt
EIRP
Ls Lo
Ls L0 tn hao do ma, do chnh hng anten,vv)
Hay:

12/07/16

Pr [dB ] Pt [dB ] Gt [dB ] Gr [dB ] Ls [dB ] L0 [dB ]

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5.2 Tnh ton cng sut tn hiu (tt):

V d: Cho h thng nh hnh v:

a. Tnh Pt = ? khi anten pht l anten parabol, ng knh 8m. [29W]

b. Tnh Ls[dB] =? [102 dB]
c. Tnh cng sut thu Pr = ? [6.33.10-9W]

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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu:

5.3.1 Nhiu nhit (Thermal Noise):
Nhiu nhit c gy ra do qu trnh chuyn ng nhit ca cc electron trong
tt c cc vt dn (thng l cc tng u ca my thu)
k: hng s Botlzmann
Cng sut nhiu nhit:

N kT 0W [Watts]

k= 1.38x10-23 J/ 0K

Mt ph cng sut nhiu nhit:

N 0 N / W kT 0 [W / Hz ]

T0: nhit Kelvin

W: bng thng [Hz]

Trong cc h thng thng tin, nhiu nhit c m hnh l nhiu AWGN

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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

5.3.2 H s nhiu F (Noise Figure):
biu din mi quan h gia gi tr SNR ng vo v gi tr SNR ng ra.

SNRin
SNRout

F o s suy gim gi tr
SNR gy ra bi mt mng
hai ca (tng khuych i )
Dng F so snh cht
lng ca cc thit b hay cc h thng vi nhau.
Mt s gi tr ca F:

12/07/16

Thit b l tng: F = 0 dB
LNA tt:

F = 1.3 dB

LNA in hnh:

F = 3 dB

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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

5.3.3 Nhit nhiu T0 (Noise Temperature):
nhit nhiu cng c dng t trng cho cht lng nhiu ca thit b.
Cng thc lin h:

TR0 ( F 1)290 o K
Do tnh cht m rng thang o nhit nhiu thng c dng trong cc
h thng thng tin khng gian.
5.3.4 ng dy tn hao L (Line Loss):
H s tn hao L: t s gia cng sut ng vo v cng sut ng ra

1
G

ng dy khng tn hao: L =1 (0 dB)

Vi ng dy tn hao: xem nh mng 2 ca vi cc thng s

FL
TLo ( L 1) 290 0 K
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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

Cc gi tr h s nhiu v nhit nhiu tiu biu:

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PHN TCH TUYN THNG TIN S

5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

Cc khi c bn pha thu:

Gi tr F v T0 ca my thu c xc nh nh th no ???

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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

5.3.5 H s nhiu tng hp Fcomp v Nhit nhiu tng hp Tcomp:
Xt trng hp n mng 2 ca ghp ni tip vi nhau:

H s nhiu tng hp Fcomp:

Fn 1
F 1 F3 1
Fcomp F1 2

...
G1
G1G2
G1G2 ...Gn 1
Nhit nhiu tng hp Tcomp:
T3o
Tno
T2o
0
o
T comp T1

...
G1G 2 ...G n 1
G1
G1G2
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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

V d: Cho mch khuch i gm 3 tng nh sau. Hy xc nh Fcomp, Tcomp ?

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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

V d: Cho mch khuch i gm 3 tng nh sau. Hy xc nh Fcomp, Tcomp ?

Li gii:
i cc gi tr:

F1 2dB F1 1.585; F2 F3 6dB F2 F3 4;

G1 12dB G1 15.85; G2 G3 10dB G2 G3 10;

p dng cng thc:

Fcomp F1

F2 1 F3 1
4 1
4 1

1.585

1.7932
G1
G1G2
15.85 15.85 10

Fcomp 10 log1.7932 2.536 [dB]

Ta c:

0
Tcomp
( Fcomp 1) 290 (1.7932 1) 290 230 0 K

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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

5.3.6 Nhit nhiu h thng T0s (System Effective Temperature ):
Xt h thng my thu nh hnh v:
Nhit nhiu h thng:
o
TSo TAo Tcomp

trong :

T0A: nhit anten.

T0comp: nhit tng hp ca tt c cc thnh phn trong my thu
(ng dy, b tin khuch i,vv)

V d: Cho h thng nh hnh v

Hy xc nh:
a. T0R; T0comp; T0S ?
b. Tnh SNRout khi c v khng
c b tin khuch i ?

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5.3 Tnh ton cng sut nhiu (tt):

Li gii:
a. Nhit nhiu cc khi khuch i:

TRo1 ( F1 1)2900 K (2 1)2900 K 290 0 K

TRo2 ( F2 1)2900 K (10 1)2900 K 2610 0 K
Nhit nhiu phn omy thu:

0
T
2610
K
TRo TRo1 R 2 290 0 K
420.5 0 K
G1
20

Nhit nhiu tng hp ng dy+ my thu:

o
Tcomp

o
T
TLo R TL0 LTR0 ( L 1) 290 0 K LTR0
GL

(1.585 1) 290 0 K 1.585 420.5 0 K 836.14 0 K

Nhit nhiu h thng:
o
TSo TAo Tcomp
150 0 K 836.14 0 K 986.14 0 K

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b. T s SNR ng ra
Trng hp khng c b tin khuch i:

Sout Pr GL G2
o
N out GL G2 kTSoW GkW (TAo Tcomp
1)
o
T
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
R2
Tcomp

LT

(
L

1)

290
K

LT

4306.5
K
1
L
L
R2
R2
GL
Sout
Pr GL G2
1011
SNRout

14.3dB
0
23
6
N out GL G2 kTS W 1.38 10 (150 4306.5) 6 10
Trng hp c b tin khuch i:

Sout Pr GL G1 G2

o
N out GL G1G2 kTSoW GLG1G2 kW (TAo Tcomp
)

( SNR)out

Sout
Pr GL G1G2
Pr

N out GLG1G2 kTS0W kTS0W

1011

122.33 20.9dB
23
6
1.38 10 986.14 6 10
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5.4 Tnh ton phn b cng sut tn hiu/nhiu (Link Budget) ca mt tuyn
thng tin:
5.4.1 Phng trnh d tr ca mt tuyn thng tin:
T cng thc xc nh cng sut thu:

Gr

0
EIRP.Gr / N 0
Gr
Pr
T
Pr EIRP

EIRP
Ls L0
N0
LS L0
kLs L0

trong : Gr/T0: c nhy ca my thu

Mc khc:

E
b
Pr Eb

N 0 N 0 r
N

0
trong :

req

Eb

Eb

N0 r

N 0 req

(**)

M c gi l d tr (link margin) ca tuyn thng tin

(Eb/N0)req v (Eb/N0)r: ln lt l t s Eb/N0 yu cu v t s Eb/N0 thu
Eb
Eb
c

Dng dB:
12/07/16

M (dB)

N0

(dB )

N0

(dB )

req

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5.4.1 Phng trnh d tr ca mt tuyn thng tin (tt):

T (*) v (**), suy ra:

EIRP Gr / T o
M
( Eb / N 0 ) req kLS L0 R
Biu din dng dB:
Eb

N0

M (dB ) EIRP (dBW ) Gt (dBi )

(dB) R (dB bit / s )

req

kT o (dBW / Hz ) LS (dB) L0 dB

Nhn xt:
Gi tr ca M cho bit cht lng tuyn thng tin c p ng yu cu t ra
hay khng.
Phng trnh trn cha ng tt c cc yu t nh hng n cht lng
ca mt tuyn thng tin s xy dng bng ch ra tt c cc ngun gy suy
hao cng sut tn hiu, cng sut ngun nhiu,vv gip c c ci nhn
tng qut bit c cch tc ng nng cao cht lng h thng.
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5.4 Tnh ton phn b cng sut tn hiu/ nhiu ca mt tuyn thng tin (tt):
5.4.2 V d v phn tch mt tuyn thng tin:
V d: Mt tuyn thng tin v tinh c cc thng s sau:
f = 8 Ghz; d = 40587 km;
Pt = 100W; R = 2 Mbps;
Anten pht: dt = 20 ft;
Anten thu: dr = 3 ft;
(Eb/N0)req = 10 dB
Gr/T0 = -1 dB/0K
T0A = 3000K; T0comp = 3806 0K;
Hy lp bng Link Budget ?
***Ch :

1 ft = 0.3048 m;
1 mile = 1.6093 km;

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5.4.2 V d v phn tch mt tuyn thng tin (tt):

Li gii: Lp bng c dng nh sau:
1. Cng sut pht (dBW)
2. Tn hao mch my pht (dB)
3. li anten pht
ng knh (ft)
rng na cng sut ()
4. EIRP (dBW)
5. Tn hao ng truyn (dB)
6. Tn hao thng gin (dB)
7. Tn hao khc (dB)
8. Cng sut thu ng hng (dbW)
9. li anten thu (dB)
ng knh (ft)
rng na cng sut ()
10. Tn hao vng bin (dB)
11. Cng sut tn hiu thu c (dBW)
..................................
12/07/16

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(100W)

20.0
<2.0>
51.6

Pr
L0
Gt

69.6
<202.7>
<4.0>
<6.0>
-143.1
35.1

EIRP
LS
L0
L0

20
0.45
(100 elev)

3.0
2.99

Gr
<2.0>
-110.0
L0
Pr

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5.4.2 V d v phn tch mt tuyn thng tin (tt):

Li gii (tt):
..............
H s nhiu ti anten thu(dB)
Nhit my thu (dB-K)
Nhit anten thu (dB-K)
12. Nhit h thng (dB- K)
13. T s Gr/T0 (dB/K)
14. Hng s Boltzmann (dBW/K-Hz)
15. Mt ph nhiu (dBW/Hz)
16. T s Pr/N0 thu c (dB-Hz)
17. Tc d liu (dB-bit/s)
18. T s Eb/N0 thu c (dB)
19. Tn hao khi thc hin (dB)
20. T s Eb/N0 yu cu (dB)
21. d tr tuyn (dB)

-1.0

2 Mbps

<-192.5>
82.5
<63.0>
19.5
<1.5>
<10.0>
8.0

11.5
35.8 (3806K)
24.8 (300K)
36.1(4106K)
Gr/T0
-228.6
N0 = KT0
(Pr/N0)r
R
(Eb/N0)r
L0
(Eb/N0)req
M

Nhn xt: M =8 dB >0 tuyn thng tin p ng yu cu t ra.

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