The proletarians have

nothing to lose but their

chains. They have a world
to win.
-
(1848)
: T

1818-1883

1818

.



.
1841 :
1842 :


,

.
.
- (1844)

.

.
1948

.
1949 :
.

1950: , .

.
1963
.

.
.
1881
1883 .


.
.

,
,


,
.

What is known as Marxism in France is,

indeed, an altogether peculiar product
so much so that Marx once said to
Lafargue: Ce quil y a de certain cest que
moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste.[If anything
is certain, it is that I myself am not a
Marxist].
Engels,Letter to Eduard Bernstein(1882)