Normal Aging

Kulit
Mengerut / berkeriput akibat berkurangnya

lemak
Permukaan kulit kasar dan bersisik
Mekanisme proteksi kulit menurun
Kulit kepala dan rambut menipis berwarna
kelabu
Rambut dalam hidung menebal
Elastisitas menurun karena cairan dan
vaskularisasi menurun
Pertumbuhan kuku lambat
Kuku jari keras dan rapuh, pudar kurang
bercahaya
Kelenjar keringat berkurang jumlah dan
fungsinya

Brain Functioning
Berat otak menurun 10 - 20 %
lambat berespon khususnya waktu stress
kurang sensitif terhadap sentuhan
Cerebellum controls body movemets
losses 25 percent of cells
increased falls
hip fractures are more likely in the elderly

due to falls

Change in sleep
REM sleep decreases
Older persons sleep less
awaken more frequently

Sensory Organs
Eye sight declines
presbyopia-difficulty focusing on near objects
daya adaptasi terhadap kegelapan lambat
lense thickens, keruh
pupil becomes smaller
night vision problems
hilang daya akomodasi

Hearing
hearing declines
membran timpani atropi : aterosklerosis
pengumpulan serumen dan mengeras

karena meningkatnya keratin

more in men and then women
social consequences
isolation
frustration in interaction

Smell and Taste

Smell and taste closely related
declines over time
less interest in food due to lack of taste
sense of touch declines
deceased sensitivity to pain
difficulty regulating heating and cooling

Skeletal System
Tulang kehilangan densitas dan makin

rapuh
Decline in muscle mass and strength
Kifosis
Persendian mambesar dan kaku
Tendon mengkerut dan mengalami
sklerosis
Atropi seraabut otot, gerakan lamban, kram
dan tremor

Reproduction
Aging Female
menopause: the end of menstrual flow and

ovulation
decline in the production of female hormones
Aging Male
no memopause
sexuall activity declines but not interest or

enjoyment

The Heart
muscle atrophy
pumps less

increase in nonconducting cells makes

heart beat irregular

Loss of elasticity in arteries
leads to high blood pressure

Genital
Menciutnya ovari dan uterus
Atropi payudara
Laki laki masih memproduksi sperma

tapi jumlahnya berkurang

Dorongan seksual menetap sampai usia
70 th
Selaput lendir vagina menurun,
permukaan halus, sekresi berkurang,
sifatnya menjadi alkali dan perubahan
warna

Urinaria
Atropi nefron
Aliran darah ke ginjal berkurang sampai

50%, fungsi tubulus berkurang,

akibatnya kurangnya kemampuan
mengkonsentrasi urin, BJ urin menurun,
Proteinuri +1, BUN meningkat sampai
21mg%, nilai ambang glukosa
meningkat
Otot Vesika urinaria lemah, kapasitasnya
menurun sampai 200ml, sehingga sering
buang air, VU susah dikosongkan
sehingga retensi urin
Pembesaran prostat kira kira 75 %

Gastrointestinal
Kehilangan gigi akibat periodental disease

dan jeleknya sanitasi

Indra pengecap menurun, atropi kira kira
80%, hilangnya sensitifitas rasa manis dan
asin, pahit
Esofagus melebar
Peristaltik lemah
Absorpsi menurun