Isotope: a) Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons. b) Example: 1 L H t Nucleon number = = Proton number = number of protons = wn. number of neutrons = i 2 ii. A Nucleon number Proton number = number of protons =... number of neutronsc) Isotopes are atoms from the same elements with the nese proton number or the same number of protons but.......... in nucleon number because of the difference in the number of neutrons. d) Isotopes have the same nnn Properties but different... properties because they have the same electron arrangements. e) Usage of isotopes: i, Inthe medical field - To detect brain cancer. ~ To detect thrombosis (blockage in blood vessel). ~ Sodium-24 is used to measure the rate of iodine absorption by thyroid gland. + Cobalt-60 is used to destroy cancer cells. + Tokill bacteria in the sterilizing process. ii, Inthe industrial field - To detect wearing out in machines. - To detect any blockage in water, gas or oil pipes. - To detect leakage of pipes underground. = To detect defects / cracks in the body of an aeroplane. iii, In the agriculture field - To detect the rate of absorption of phosphate fertilizer in plants. ~ To make insect pests for plants sterile. iv. Inthe archeology field - Carbon-14 can be used to estimate the age of artifacts.Electron Arrangement a) The electrons ae filled in speciic shells, Every shell can be filled only with a certain number of electrons. For the elements with proton number 1-20 First shell can be filled with @ maximum Of unum CleCtrOns, Second shell can be filled with a maximum of... Thitd shell can be filled with a maximum Of nn» €lecttons, woe lectrons, First shel-flled with 2 electrons (duplet) Second shelled with 8 electrons (octel) Third shellfiled with 8 electrons (octet)SOO Hydrogen Atom tH [Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons Proton number Nucleon number Electron Arrangement Helium Atom He | Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons Proton number Nucleon number Electron ArrangementLithium Atom Beryllium Atom ‘Li 9 Be ‘Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons Proton number Nucleon number Electron Arrangement Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons Proton number Nucleon number Electron ArrangementSodium Atom B Na Nerf protes Naber of electrons fe Nb of neutrons Prot under cleo munter ee | Beto Argent