Block Diagram of Infusion Pump

Power Supply Unit

Control Unit/processing
unit

Display Unit

Alarm Unit

Detector Unit

Motor / Delivering
System

(a) Principle of peristaltic pump using rotor and flexible tubing.

(b) Rotor on eccentric shaft to squeeze plastic tube. (c) Pump
with cam-operated fingers on flexible tubing.

Drop rate counter type infusion

pump
Drops per minute from
thumbwheels
Start switch
Audio
alarm

LSI
device

Zero rate
detector

Motor drive
and motor

Alarm latch

Low battery
detector

Alarm

To nurse call

Drop and
sensor
detector

71.68 K Hz
oscillator

 The heart of the system is a customized digital device

which performs all the logic functions.
It operates under the control of a clock frequency of
71.68 k Hz obtained from a crystal controlled oscillator
which provides various timing and control signals.
The drop sensor is attached to the administration set
drip chamber and closes the servo loop by providing
rate feedback information.
The drop sensor contains an array of light emitting
diodes and phototransistors which generate a signal
each time a drop of IV fluid falls into the drip chamber.
This signal is applied to the drop detector which causes
the drop indicator to flash.

 Four signals are required to activate and run the

motor . ALA , ACM ,MD2 and MD3 . These signals
except ALA are developed within the LSI device.
ALA is a logical 1 when the unit is not in alarm.
Activate motor is the variable width signal which
applies power to the motor.
Motor drive (MD2 & MD3 ) signals are outputs from
LSI device which provide quadrature voltage to
the motor.
After power is applied to the motor , these two
symmetrical signals , 90 0 apart in phase, cause
the motor to step about 360 H.

CPU
Has a 2.5 MHz external clock supplied by a
crystal.
CPU outputs a stream of pulses for operating the
motor drive circuit.
An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the drop,
which then signals to the microprocessor that a
drop has been detected by the flow sensor.
The ultrasonic signal is amplified and demodulated before it is given to an 8-bit AID
converter. The AID converter is controlled by the
microprocessor.

Sensors
For a feedback from the pump motor to the CPU, a Hall
Effect sensor is used to sense the rotation.
The transducer gives a single pulse per revolution and is
mounted on top of the pump assembly.
Similarly, the door opened/closed signals are generated
by Hall Effect switches.
A circuit is incorporated to prevent the improper
operation of the pumping mechanism that could result
from a loop outside of the programmed or failure and a
subsequent lock-up of the microprocessor.
The flow rate is set using a membrane type key pad
which is connected to the microprocessor through a
keyboard detector.

Implantable Infusion Pump

Implantable Infusion Pump

A commercial implantable infusion pump that is
available for human use is the INFUSID .
This pump can be easily refilled but it`s rate of
infusion cannot be regulated . It is completely
mechanical .
The driving force is generated by Freon vapor in a
closed compartment pushing
against a bellow
chamber that contains the drug .
The bellows chamber can be refilled by means of a
needle that can enter the reservoir and refill without
any of the drug leaking into the surrounding tissue .
The temperature , fluid viscosity and a flow restrictor
determine the rate of infusion.

Programmed Controlled InsulinDosing Device

There has been intensive research to develop an 'artificial
pancreas'.
It consists of a blood sugar sensor, a computer, an insulin
pump
Such a system would bypass the body's own pancreas.
Development of a glucose sensor is probably the most difficult
component of the system.
This pump delivers insulin through a catheter inserted in the
body.
The device can deliver insulin in two ways: the fixed
programmed units with a pre-set 24 hour rate/time profile and
the demand programmed units with which a basal rate is preselected and a supplementary dose is triggered at mealtimes.

Schematic diagram of glucose sensor

controlled insulin storing device

General Cautions
Do not use hard instruments for cleaning.
Do not spray liquids or foam directly on the
pump.
Do not submerge the pump into liquids of any
kind.
Do not clean, disinfect, or sterilize any part of
the pump by autoclaving or with the use of
ethylene oxide gas. Doing so may damage the
pump and void the warranty. Only external
parts of the pump should be disinfected.

 Do not use the following chemicals on the pump, as

they will damage the front panel: acetaldehyde,
acetone,
ammonia,
benzene,
hydroxytoluene,
methylene chloride, or ozone.
Keep food and drinks away from the area around the
pump.
Monitor children when in the pump area.
Radio transmitters (such as cell phones, wireless handheld computers, two-way radios) and other sources of
strong electric and magnetic interference (EMI), such as
large electric motors, could affect pump. Hence should
use caution and keep electromagnetic sources away
from the pump.