Elsa Austin W

GROUP B SUGAR Hermawan Pramudya

M. Hanindio
Natasha

SOLUTION 1 Ratu Azizah S

Tommy Toar
CONTROL 1 (WATER 300
CC)
Name of subject: Syahru Ramadhan
Weight at 08.00/10.00 oclock: 67.85 kg
CONTROL 2 (WATER 300
CC)
Name of subject: Lukito Ongko
Weight at 08.00/10.00 oclock: 68.6 kg
TREATMENT (SUGAR
SOLUTION)
Name of subject: Tommy Toar
Weight at 08.00/10.00 oclock: 68.5 kg
URINE DIPSTICK
ANALYSIS TEST: RESULT
Name of subject: Tommy Toar
Type of treatment: sugar solution
URINE VOLUME, DURATION OF
COLLECTION, RATE OF URINE
PRODUCTION
THEORY
1. Glucose is filtered by the glomerulus and is
reabsorbed in the tubules. The mechanism of
glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule seems
limited, so effective that in normal condition,
glucose is entirely reabsorbed and none are
excreted.
2. The higher glucose level, so the higher filtrate it.
3. Glucose level is related to transport maximum value
(TM).
 URINE VOLUME, DURATION OF
COLLECTION, RATE OF URINE
PRODUCTION Subject Urine Rate of
Volume Urine
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS (ml) Productio
1. Based on data control 1, control 2, and n
treatment with sugar solution, we can Control 1 300 -
obtain different total urine volume. It is 470 7,966
caused by presence glucose which 278 4,877
increase the osmolarity to activate 130 4,333
ADH. Activated ADH cause more water 58 1,871
reabsorption. Control 2 360 -
2. Decreased urine volume is comparable 494 11,488
with the average production urine. 535 11,383
220 7,333
3. Based on data, we can see that 39 1,300
decrease volume, duration, and rate Sugar 158 -
production urine. It caused by glucose Solution 164 2,689
level and time in micturition 84 1,527
38 1,188
15 0,556
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
5. Causes of increased urine specific gravity:
THEORY
Diarrhea
1. Urinary specific gravity is a Heart failure
parameter of the concentration Dehydration
of excreted molecules in the Stenosis in renal artery
urine
Sugars (Dextran, sucrose,
2. Urinary specific gravity gives glucose)
information about the kidneys Syndrome of inappropriate
ability to concentrate urine. antidiuretic hormone secretion
(SIADH)
3. In adult, normal range is
6. Decreased urine specific gravity may be due to:
around 1,005-1,030
Injuries or necrosis in tubule cells
4. Indications : Diabetes insipidus
Complicated UTI
Drinking too much
Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia
Kidney failure
Polyuria Infection
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Compared to control 1 and control 2, the specific
gravity of Tommys (subject of sugar solution treatment)
urine is relatively higher. It may be caused by increased
level of glucose being excreted or may be the sign of
dehydration.
SUBJECT / CONTROL CONTROL SUGAR
TIME 1 2 SOLUTION
U-PRE 1.010 1.005 1.020
U-0 1.005 1.005 1.010
U-30 1.005 1.005 1.010
U-60 1.005 1.005 1.015
U-90 1.010 1.010 1.020
COLOR
THEORY
1. Normal urine has a yellow color, the pigment is
given by urochrome
2. Pigments and many other compounds may change
the urine color, such as medications and a certain
foods
3. The changes in urine color could also be a sign of
disease
COLOR
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
All urine colors are within normal range.
SUBJECT / CONTROL 1 CONTROL 2 SUGAR
TIME SOLUTION
U-PRE Yellow Yellow Yellow
U-0 Yellow Transparent, Transparent,
Transparent a bit of a bit of
yellow yellow
U-30 Transparent, Transparent, Yellow
a bit of a bit of transparent
yellow yellow
U-60 Yellow Transparent, Yellow
a bit of transparent
GLUCOSE
THEORY
1. Glucose will be reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule by
SGLT in apical membrane and moved to interstitial fluid by
GLUT transporter in basolateral membrane.
2. Glucose moves into tubular cell by using Sodiums energy
which is moving into lower electrochemical gradient in
tubular cell.
3. Glucose moves from higher concentration in tubular cell into
the lower concentration of plasma by using GLUT transporter.
4. Tubular maximum happens when the specific transporter of
the substance is fully occupied or saturated. Tm for glucose
is 375 mg/min
GLUCOSE
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
1. All glucose tests are negative (-) in control 1, control 2,
and subject of sugar solution treatment (Tommy).
2. In Tommys case there were no abnormalities in the
reabsorption system so all the glucose was reabsorbed.
3. Tommys blood glucose was normal too, so the glucose
in blood plasma which is filtrated was not higher than
the tubular maximum so all the glucose can be
reabsorbed.
4. This explains why there were no glucose detected in
Tommys urinalysis.
PH
THEORY
1. The kidney also regulates the pH of the body.
2. When the body needs to balance the pH from acidic
condition, kidney will secrete hydrogen ion that will
bind to non-carbonate buffer then it will be
excreted.
3. When the body needs to balance the pH from
alkalotic condition the kidney will secrete
bicarbonate ion into the urine.
PH
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
1. Glucose ingestion can acidify the urine. So Tommys
(subject of sugar solution treatment) urine level of
pH can be lower than the control.
2. The acidic pH in the first urine can be caused by
ingestion of food and the metabolism result of fat
and glycogen. It can also be caused by human error.
SUBJECT / CONTROL CONTROL SUGAR
TIME 1 2 SOLUTION
U-PRE 6 7 5
U-0 6.5 6.5 7
U-30 6.5 6.5 6
U-60 6.5 7 6
WEIGHT
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
1. Decreased body weight
2. Glucose: Osmotic diuretic
SUBJECT / CONTROL CONTROL SUGAR
TIME 1 2 SOLUTION
U-PRE 67.85 68.6 68.6
U-0 67.4 68.7 68.5
U-30 67.35 68.5 68.6
U-60 67 67.9 68.55
U-90 66.8 67.75 68.3
BLOOD PRESSURE
THEORY
1. norepinephrine in
mesenteric arteries
treated with glucose
were significantly RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
increased 1. Blood pressure doesnt change significantly.
SUBJECT / CONTROL CONTROL SUGAR
TIME 1 2 SOLUTION
U-PRE 124/88 122/80 122/70
U-0 122/86 120/86 128/78
U-30 114/82 120/78 126/72
U-60 118/80 120/68 122/74
U-90 114/82 112/60 118/68
CONCLUSION
1. All subjects urine (control 1, control 2, sugar
solution treatment) show normal results.

2. The urine of the subject of sugar solution treatment

doesnt show many significant differences to both
control 1 and control 2, except for the volume of
urine, which is much lower. Also, there are slight
differences on the specific gravity, which is higher
than other subjects.
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http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02549499
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