Cng ngh phn mm

Qun l d n

1
 Cc ch
Cc hot ng qun l
Vit n nghin cu kh thi (proposal)
Lp k hoch d n
Cc phng php, cng c h tr
Qun l ri ro
nh gi d n

2
 KHI NIM D N

D n l mt tp hp cc cng vic, c thc hin bi mt tp th, nhm

t c mt kt qu d kin, trong mt thi gian d kin, vi mt kinh ph
d kin.

Tp th - C chuyn mn khc nhau

Kt qu -- c
Cngtnh/c
vic khc nhau
im ca kt
Thi gian - Thi gian tham
qu - Thi gian bt gia
ukhc
Kinh ph -nhau
Gi
- tr s
Thi dng
gian kt v hiu qu
thc
- Vn u t cho d n
- Cng phi hp
- -C
Mcthtrung gian (thi
cp thnh nhiuim
giai
trung gian)
on
 Qun l d n phn mm
Quan tm n cc hot ng nhm m bo
rng phn mm s c bn giao
ng hn v ng lch
Theo cc yu cu ca cc t chc thc hin pht
trin v mua phn mm.

Thi gian

Tam gic d n

Ti nguyn Cht lng

4
 c th ca qun l phn mm
Sn phm khng hu hnh, khng nm bt
c.
Sn phm c tnh linh ng theo mt cch ring.
Cng ngh phn mm khng c xem l mt
ngnh k thut (engineering)
Cng hng vi k thut c, k thut in, v.v...
Quy trnh pht trin phn mm khng c
chun ha.
Nhiu d n phn mm l cc d n ch thc
hin ng mt ln v khng lp li.

5
 Cc hot ng qun l
Vit ti liu d n kh thi
(proposal).
Lp k hoch v lp lch cho
d n.
nh gi chi ph d n.
Theo di v1.Khi ng
review d n. 2.Lp KH
La chn v nh gi nhn
lc. 4.Gim st 3.Thc hin
Vit v trnh by bo iu
co.khin
5.Kt thc 6
 Management commonalities
Cc hot ng ny khng ch c ring qun l
phn mm.
Nhiu k thut qun l d n k thut cng c th
p dng mt cch bnh thng cho qun l d
n phn mm.
Cc h thng k thut phc tp c xu hng
gp phi cng nhng vn ca cc h thng
phn mm.

7
 Nhn s d n
C th khng th chn c nhng ngi l tng
vo lm vic cho mt d n
Ngn sch khng tr lng cao;
Khng tm thy ngi c kinh nghim thch hp;
Mt t chc c th mun dng mt d n phn mm
pht trin k nng cho nhn vin.
Ngi qun l phi lm vic vi nhng rng buc
ny, c bit khi thiu nhn vin trnh .

8
 Vit proposal
Vn d n nhm ti
Mc tiu
Cc c im chnh ca sn phm
Cc li ch thu c t d n
Phm vi
Nhng g s lm
Nhng g s khng lm
Xut phm (Deliverables)
Bn k hoch d n ban u
Cc ri ro v gii php
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 LP K HOCH Khi nim
L cng vic tip tc sut qu trnh
c iu chnh thng xuyn
Nhiu k hoch khc cn c lp tr
gip k hoch chnh v lch trnh v ngn
sch
 LP K HOCH Khi nim (2)
Cc loi k hoch d n khc
Tn k hoch M t
M t th tc v cc chun cht
K hoch cht lng lng p dng
M t cch thc, ngun lc v lch
K hoch thm nh trnh thm nh
K hoch qun l cu M t th tc, cu trc qun l cu
hnh hnh
Ch ra yu cu, chi ph v ngun lc
K hoch bo tr cn cho bo tr
K hoch pht trin M t k nng v kinh nghim ca
i ng thnh vin d n s cn
 LP K HOCH Tin trnh
Tin trnh lp k hoch d n
Thit lp cc rng buc, hn ch (thi gian,
ti nguyn, ngn sch)
Tin hnh nh gi s b cc tham s d n
(quy m, phc tp, ngun lc)
Xc nh ct mc (milestones) v cc xut
phm (deliverables) cn c
 LP K HOCH Tin trnh (2)
Tin trnh lp k hoch d n
Thc hin cc hot ng lp li sut tin trnh:
Lp lch trnh d n
Khi ng hot ng theo lch trnh
Theo di vic thc hin
c lng li cc tham s d n
iu chnh tin trnh
Tho thun li v cc rng buc v xut phm
 LP K HOCH Ni dung
Xc nh tin trnh d n
Phn tch ri ro
Cc yu cu v ngun lc: phn cng,
phn mm, con ngi
Phn on cng vic
c lng
Lp lch
C ch iu hnh v bo co
 LP K HOCH D N
Phn on cng vic
Danh sch sn phm (Product Breakdown Structure)
Danh sch cng vic (Work Breakdown Structure)

0.0Phnmm

1.0Yucu 2.0Sthitk 3.0Chngtrnh 4.0Mngun

phnmm phnmm (Mngun) khngcnli

1.1Thuthp 2.1Thitk 3.1Lptrnh 4.1Xydng 5.1Kimth

yucu phnmm khochkimth phnmm
phnmm
 LP K HOCH D N
Phn on cng vic cc bc thc hin
Bc 1: Vit ra sn phm chung nht
Bc 2: To danh sch sn phm
(deliverables?)
Bc 3: To lp danh sch cng vic, m t
cng vic di mi sn phm mc thp nht
Bc 4: nh m cho mi ca bng cng vic
Bc 5: Xt duyt li bng cng vic
 LP K HOCH D N
c lng Cng vic Thi gian
Kch c phn mm a 1
Thi gian b 7
S ngi c 8
Chi ph d 4
e 4
f 3
g 3
h 4
i 2
 LP K HOCH D N
Lp lch trnh d n cc hot ng
Xc nh nhim v
Thi im bt u, thi im kt thc
Ngi thc hin (s ngi, yu cu,...)
Rng buc (mi lin h gia cc nhim v)
 LP K HOCH D N
Lp lch trnh d n v d v rng buc gia cc cng vic

Cng vic Thi gian i sau Cng vic Thi gian i sau cng vic
cng vic
a 1 - k 2 g, i

b 7 - m 3 i

c 8 - l 3 i

d 4 - n 2 k

e 4 a o 1 l, n

f 3 b p 2 g, i, h

g 3 c q 3 g, i, h

h 4 d r 2 o, p

i 2 e, f s 1 r, q
 LP K HOCH
V d: Mng cng vic tng ng

1 13
e(4) m(6)
a(1) i(2) s(1)
f(3) 5 7 l(3)
b(7) 2 0(1) r(2)
9 11 12
0 c(8) n(2)
g(3) k(2) p(2)
3 8 q(3)
d(4) 6
h(4)
4 10
 LP K HOCH D N
Lp lch trnh d n v d
 Cc ch
Cc hot ng qun l
Vit proposal
Lp k hoch d n
Cc phng php, cng c h tr
Qun l ri ro
nh gi d n

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 O V C LNG D N
o phn mm
Kch thc, chi ph, hiu nng, cht lng
c lng
kch thc
chi ph
thi gian
 O D N o kch c phn mm

Qua dng lnh (LOC Lines Of Code)

trc quan
ph thuc ngn ng o
Qua im chc nng (FP Functional Points)
c lp vi ngn ng
ph thuc cc m hnh la chn (tham s)

hiunng:KLOC/ngithng
chtlng:sli/KLOC
chiph:githnh/KLOC
 O D N (3)

o theo dng lnh (2)

So snh ngn ng
Lowlevellanguage

Analysis Design Coding Validation

Highlevellanguage

Analysis Design Coding Validation

 O D N (4)

V d s dng lnh
1.000.000 Assembly
400.000 C
175.000 C++
150.000 Java
 O D N (5)
o theo im chc nng
L tng hp cc c trng ca module
Input
Output
Interface
Files s dng
Xc nh trng s cho cc c trng trn,
ph thuc vo ng cnh (d n) c th:
phc tp ca bi ton
Cc yu cu v cht lng, hiu nng
Kch thc ca d liu s dng
 O D N (6)
o theo im chc nng (2)
FP = a1I + a2O + a3E + a4L + a5F
Trong :
I : s Input
O: s Output
E: s yu cu
L: s tp truy cp
F: s giao din ngoi lai (devices,
systems)
 O D N (7)

o theo im chc nng (3)

V d: FP = 4I + 5O + 4E + 10L + 7F
Hm tnh c s chung ln nht hai s
nguyn
Input : I=2 L=F=0
Output : O=1
Yu cu: E=1
im chc nng FP = 17
 C LNG D N

Bi ton
Hy pht trin Trang web xem kt qu hc
tp ca sinh vin
Vy:
Trong bao lu s hon thnh?
Chi ph l bao nhiu?
Dng bao nhiu ngi?
 C LNG D N (2)
c lng phn mm
Cc yu t cn c lng
kch c phn mm
chi ph (cng sc) pht trin
thi gian thc hin
s ngi tham gia
Nguyn tc c lng
phn r chc nng
c lng tng chc nng
da trn kinh nghim, d kin qu kh
 C LNG D N (3)
c lng theo
Kch c
LOC: c lng trc tip vi tng m un
FP: c lng gin tip thng qua
c lng input/output, yu cu
Cng sc:
da trn kch c, phc tp
da vo d liu qu kh
n v: ngi-ngy, ngi-tun, ngi-thng
 C LNG D N (5)
V d c lng
Trangwebxemktquhctpcasinhvin
Baogmccmun/giaodinchnh:
nhpthngtintmkim:100LOC
tmkimtrnCSDLsinhvin:300LOC
sinhktqu:100LOC
cngsc:01personweek
 C LNG D N (6)

M hnh c lng COCOMO

COCOMO - Constructive Cost Model
c lng n lc, thi gian, s ngi pht
trin da trn kch c phn mm.
S dng cho cc phn mm ln
M hnh c s
Trong:
N lc: E = a * Lb
L:sdnglnh(KLOC)
Thi gian: T = c * Ed
a,b,c,d:thams
S ngi: N = E/T
 C LNG D N (7)
COCOMO: cc bc tin hnh
Xc nh kiu d n (c s chn tham s):
organic
semi-detached
embeded

a b c d
organic 3.2 1.05 2.5 0.38
semi-detached 3.0 1.12 2.5 0.35
embeded 2.8 1.2 2.5 0.32
E=a*Lb T=c*Ed N=E/T
 C LNG D N (8)
Phn r mun chc nng v c lng s
dng lnh (L)
Tnh li s dng lnh trn c s ti s dng
Tnh n lc pht trin E cho tng m un
Tnh li E da trn phc tp ca d n
tin cy, ln ca CSDL
yu cu v tc , b nh
Tnh thi gian v s ngi tham gia
 C LNG D N (9)
COCOMO: V d
Phn mm kch c 33.3 KLOC.
Chn: a = 3.0 b = 1.12 c = 2.5 d = 0.35

E = 3.0 * 33.31.12 = 152 ngi-thng

T = 2.5 * E0.35 = 14.5 thng
N = E/D = ~ 11 ngi
LP LCH D N PP ng Gng
V d: Bng cng vic c xc nh
Cng Thi i sau Cng Thi i sau
vic gian cng vic vic gian cng vic
a 1 - k 2 g, i
b 7 - m 3 i
c 8 - l 3 i
d 4 - n 2 k
e 4 a o 1 l, n
f 3 b p 2 g, i, h
g 3 c q 3 g, i, h
h 4 d r 2 o, p
i 2 e, f s 1 r, q
 PHNG PHP NG GNG
(Critical Path Method)
Phng php lp lch v kim sot dng cho
cc d n phc tp. Cc k php:
Cngvic(nhimv)

Cngvico(rngbuc)

Skin(btu/ktthccngvic)

Mcthigian(milestone)
 PHNG PHP NG GNG (3)
V d: Mng cng vic tng ng

1 13
e(4) m(6)
a(1) i(2) s(1)
f(3) 5 7 l(3)
b(7) 2 0(1) r(2)
9 11 12
0 c(8) n(2)
g(3) k(2) p(2)
3 8 q(3)
d(4) 6
h(4)
4 10
 PHNG PHP NG GNG (4)
V d: Thi im bt u sm nht: ts

ts(nh)=Max{ts(nhucv)+tcv}
micvivonhcxt 18
1
1 e(4) 13
1 e(4) m(6) 13
m(6)
a(1) i(2) s(1)
a(1) 8 10
5 f(3) 5 i(2) 7 l(3) s(1)
b(7) 2 f(3) 5 7 l(3) 0(1) 15 r(2)
b(5) 2 14 11 r(2) 1217
0 c(8) 9 0(1)
n(2) 9 11
0 c(6) 6 g(3) k(2) 8
12 n(2) p(2) 12
3 g(3) 10 k(2) p(2) q(3)
d(4) 3 6 8 q(3)
d(4) 4 6 h(4) 10
4 h(4) 10
4 10
 PHNG PHP NG GNG (5)
V d: Thi im bt u mun nht: tm
tm(nh)=Min{tm(nhcuicv)tcv}
micvivonhcxt
1/4 18/18
18
1
11 13
13
e(4)
e(4) m(6)
m(6)
8/8 10/10
10
a(1)
a(1) 5/5 8 i(2) s(1)
i(2) s(1)
5 f(3)
f(3) 5 5 77 l(3) 15/15
15 r(2)
l(3) 14/14
0/0 b(5)
b(5) 22 14
0(1) r(2) 17/17
17
9 0(1) 11
00 6/76 12/12 9 11 12
c(6) n(2)
12 n(2) 12
c(6) g(3) 10/10 k(2) 8 p(2)
33 g(3) 10 k(2) 8 p(2) q(3)
q(3)
d(4)
d(4) 4/9 66
4 10/13
10
h(4)
h(4)
4 10
10
 PHNG PHP NG GNG (6)
V d: Thi gian d phng cng vic: tdf
tdf (cv) = tm(nh cui cv) - ts(nh u
cv) -1/4
tcv
1/4 18/18
18/18
1 e( 4 13
13
1 e(4))/3 m(6)
m(6)
/ 3 8/8 10/10
10/10 2
a(1)(1) 8/8 i(2) s(1)/0
5/5
5/5 3) i(2) s(1)
a f(
f(3) 55 0 77 l(3)
l(3) 14/14 15/15
15/15
b( 225 ) 14/14 17/17
r(2) 17/17
0/0 b(5)
0/0 0 1 0(1)
0(1) r(2)
0 99 11 0
11
00 c(6)c(6) 6/76/7 n(2
12/12n(2)
12/12 ) 0 12
12
1 g(3) 10/10 k(2)
g(3) 10/10 (2) 88 0 p(2) 1
3 k p(2)
3 q(3)
d(

1 6 6 0 ) /4
4)

d(4) 4/9 3
10/13 q(
/5

4/9 10/13
44 h(4)
h(4)
5 1010
 PHNG PHP NG GNG (7)
V d: Cng vic gng, ng gng 18/18
1/4
1 e(4
13
m(6)
/3 ) 8/8 10/10 3
1 ) i(2) s(1)/0
a( 5/5 3 3) 7 l(3)
)
f( 5 0 14/14 15/15
0/0 b(5 2 0 2 0(1) r(2) 17/17
9 0 11 0
0 c(60) 6/7 12/12 n(2) 12
1 g(3) 10/10 k(2) 8 0 p(2) 1
3
d(

1 6 0 ) /1
4)

4/9 3
10/13 q(
/5

4 h(4) 10
5

Cngvicgng:tdf=0,nhgng:ts=tm
PHNG PHP NG GNG (8)

V d: Biu lch trnh d n (Gantt)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
A

s
 PHNG PHP NG GNG (9)

Thi gian c lng v thc t

Thi gian c lng bng di ng gng
Thi gian thc t thng ko di hn thi gian c
lng t 25% n 40%
L do:
Mt s cng vic khng c lng c
Mt s cng vic phi lm li
Ngi pht trin tham gia ng thi nhiu cng vic
 MT S CNG C H TR
Microsoft Project 2003
Team Project
Visio 2000
Agile bench
Bitbucket
 Key points
Qun l d n tt l iu thit yu cho s thnh
cng ca d n.
Hot ng chnh ca qun l d n l ln k
hoch, c lng v lp lch.
Lp k hoch v c lng l cc tin trnh lp
trong sut thi gian thc hin d n.

48
 Key points
Hiu cc thut ng:
Milestones
Deliverables
Releases
Artefacts
Lch trnh d n nn m t trc quan cc hot
ng ca d n, khong thi gian thc hin
hot ng v i ng thc hin.
S lng v trnh /k nng ca i ng vs
hiu sut ca d n
Vn giao tip trong qu trnh thc hin d n
49
 Cu hi v bi tp
1. Ti sao cn vit Proposal
2. im chnh nht cn c trong Proposal l g?
3. c bn k hoch tt cn lm nhng vic g?
4. Gii thch cc thut ng: milestones,
deliverables, releases
5. Ngi qun l d n c cn c k nng phn
tch, thit k hay lp trnh tt khng? (gii thch)

50
 Bi tp
V mng cng vic v tm ng gng
Id. Activity Name Duration Precedents
(weeks)
A Hardware selection 7
B Software design 4
C Hardware 6 A
Installation
D Coding 4 B
E Data Preparation 5 B
F User Documentation 9
G User Training 5 E,F
H System Installation 3 C,D
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