Professional Documents
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Dilatation or consinction of
cerebral and scalp blood
vessel
Chemoresepto Nausea
Thalamus r
Vomiting
Cortex
Hypothalamu
s
Photophobia
Pain
PEN
ATA
LAK
SAN
AAN
Cluster headache (CH)
(histamine headache) the pathophysiology and etiology of
which are not well understood
usually over a period of several weeks
CH has the following characteristics:
The patient experiences attacks of severe or very
severe,
strictly unilateral pain (orbital, supraorbital, or temporal
pain) that last 15-180 minutes and occur from once
every other day to 8 times a day
The attacks are associated with 1 or more of the
following (all ipsilateral): conjunctival injection,
lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, forehead and
facial sweating, miosis, ptosis, or eyelid edema
The periodicity of the attacks suggests the involvement
of a biologic clock within the hypothalamus (which
controls circadian rhythms)
Stress, allergens, seasonal changes, or nitroglycerin may
Trigeminal
E/:
Neuralgia
idiopatik (klasik)
Simtomatik (tumor, keln vaskular, inflamasi meningeal kronik)
N. Trigeminus (sensorik) dpt menyebabkan nyeri
Kompresi vaskular (lilitan arteri/vena) pd area masuk saraf
trigeminus ke pons demielinasi fokal N. Trigeminus
Gejala:
nyeri wajah unilateral, tertusuk dicetuskan dng mengunyah
Nyeri sisi kanan > kiri
Sindr pretregeminal neuralgia (nyeri sinus atau gigi berjam2 krn
gerakan rahang)
Nyeri kepala berat, mendadak, menusuk
Serangan < 1x /hari ratusan
D/ CT scan, MRI (adanya kompresi akar saraf trigemnial oleh p.d
berkelok2)
T/: karbamazepin, pregabalin gabapentin, fenitoin
Bedah (gamma knife radiosurgery, injeksi gliserol, radiofrequency
electrocoagulation)
Tension type headache
Nyeri dpt episodik maupun kronik, bisa bbrp menit-hari
Nyeri bilateral, menekan, mengikat
Gejala: ketegangan otot di kulit kepala-leher dlm bbrp menit-hari
Predileksi frontal bilateral, oksipital
Dicetuskan stress, depresi, khawatir, bunyi, lapar, < tidur
PF dan PN normal, nyeri dirasakan jika otot servikal dipalpasi dan
berkaitan dgn flexi leher
Episodik:
10 nyeri kepala rerata < 1 hari/bln dan nyeri berlangsung 3-7 hari
Memiliki min 2 kriteria dari: tdk berdenyut, intensitas ringan-sedang,
bilateral, tdk diperberat aktivitas, tdk ada fotofobia
Kronik:
Nyeri kepala dgn frekuensi rata2 15 hari/ bulan lebih dari 6 bulan
Memiliki 2 kriteria: mengikat, tdk berdenyut, intensitas ringan-sedang,
bilateral, tdk diperberat aktivitas; tdk ada fotofobia, tdk muntah
Vertigo
Perasaan seolah-olah penderita/benda di
sekitar penderita bergerak atau berputar,
biasanya disertai dengan mual dan
kehilangan keseimbangan.
Tanda gejala: nausea, sweating, abnormal
eye movements, hearing loss, visual
disturbance, difficulty speaking and walking
Etiologi: Keadaan lingkungan, obat-obatan,
kelainan sirkulasi (transient ischemic
attack), kelainan di telinga, kelainan
neurologis
Pemeriksaan vestibuler
1. Uji Romberg
2. Tandem Gait
3. Uji Unterberger
4. Past-pointing test (Uji Tunjuk Barany)
5. 5. Uji B