CHNG

3
HP PH
I. CC KHI NIM C BN 2

1.1. nh ngha

Hp ph l qu trnh ht
chn lc cc cu t trong pha Lng/
kh hay pha lng ln b mt
kh
cht rn.
Cu t pha kh hay pha
lng b ht c gi l cht b
hp ph.

Cht rn dng ht dung

cht gi l cht hp ph Rn

Nhng cu t khng b
hp ph gi l cht tr.
I. CC KHI NIM C BN 3

1.1. nh ngha

Hp ph l qu trnh ht
chn lc cc cu t trong pha
kh hay pha lng ln b mt
cht rn.
Cu t pha kh hay pha
lng b ht c gi l cht b
hp ph.

Cht rn dng ht dung

cht gi l cht hp ph
Nhng cu t khng b
hp ph gi l cht tr.
I. CC KHI NIM C BN 4

1.2. ng dng
Qu trnh hp ph c ng
dng :

- Lm sch v sy kh
- Tch nhng hn hp kh
hay hi thnh nhng cu t
ring bit

- Tin hnh qu trnh xc

tc khng ng th trn b
mt phn chia pha
I. CC KHI NIM C BN 5

1.3. Phn loi

D nng lng b mt
- Hp ph vt l:
hay hp ph Van der B mt pha rn
Phn t trn b mt
Walls l hin tng
hp ph thun nghch,
hin tng ny km
theo phn ng ta
nhit.

- Hp ph ha
hc: l hp ph c
km theo phn ng
ho hc gia cht hp
ph v cht b trong
Phn t hplng pha Pha rn
II. CC CHT HP PH 7

Yu cu cn bn ca cht hp ph l b mt ring phi

ln. Hin ti ngi ta hay dng:

- Than hot tnh

- Silicagel
- Zeolit

- MOF

-
THAN HOT TNH 8
THAN HOT TNH 9

- Than hot tnh

II. CC CHT HP PH
SILICAGEL 10

- Silicagel
SILICAGEL 11

- Silicagel
ZEOLITE 12
ZEOLITE 13
MOF 14
MOF 15
16
THUYT HP PH NG NHIT CN BNG
- Thuyt hp ph Langmuir
Trn b mt hp ph cha cc tm hp ph, lc hp ph ny ch to
ra mt lp, cc phn t b hp ph khng tng tc vi nhau.

KC
a = am .
1+KC
Trong :
a : hot ( hp ph)
am : kh nng hp ph b mt hot ng.

K : hng s c trng
C : nng cht b hp ph trong dung dch trng thi cn bng

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THUYT HP PH NG NHIT CN BNG
- Thuyt hp ph Freundlich
Trong mt khong nng nh v c bit vi dung dch long,
ng ng nhit cho qu trnh hp ph c th c miu t theo biu
thc thc nghim Freundlich:
a = K.Cn
Vi:
a : hot
K, n : cc hng s c trng.
C : nng cht b hp ph trong dung dch trng thi cn bng.

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THUYT HP PH NG NHIT CN BNG
- Thuyt hp ph BET (Brunauer, Emmet v Teller, 1938)
Cc phn t b hp ph khng chuyn ng t do trn b mt v
khng tng tc vi nhau. nhng phn t khc nhau trn b mt c
th hnh thnh hp ph nhiu lp vi s lp khc nhau

P P0 P0 C* -1
. = *
+ *
.P
V P0 - P Vm .C Vm .C
Trong
P : p sut ring phn ca kh khi cn bng
P0 : p sut hi bo ha ca kh

V : Th tch kh b hp ph cn bng p sut P

Vm : Th tch kh hp ph bo ha trong lp n phn t

C* : Tha s nng lng.

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THUYT HP PH NG NHIT CN BNG 20

V d
hp ph acid axetic trong dung dch ln b mt than hot
tnh 250C ph thuc nng acid cn bng nh sau:

C, mol/l 0.1 0.5 1.0 1.5

a, mol/g than 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.19

Cho bit qu trnh hp ph trn tun theo nh lut hp ph ng nhit

cn bng Freundlich. Hy xc nh phng trnh hp ph ca qu trnh.

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THUYT HP PH NG NHIT CN BNG 21

Phng trnh Freundlich c dng a = K.Cn

Ly ln hai v ca phng trnh trn ta c:

lna = lnK + n.lnC hay lna = n.lnC + lnK (dng Y = AX + B)

Vi K v n l hng s ta thy r rng phng trnh trn l 1 phng

trnh ng thng th hin mi quan h tuyn tnh ca lna v lnC.

T bng s liu ban u ta tnh c:

lnC -2.303 -0.693 0.000 0.405

lna -2.813 -2.120 -1.833 -1.661

S dng phng php bnh phng cc tiu ta tnh c

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THUYT HP PH NG NHIT CN BNG 22

-1.500
-2.500 -2.000 -1.500 -1.000 -0.500 0.000 0.500

f(x) = 0.43x - 1.83 -1.700

R = 1

-1.900

-2.100

-2.300

-2.500

-2.700

-2.900
THUYT HP PH NG NHIT CN BNG 23

T th ta suy ra c

lnK = -1,831
Hay
K = 0,16

n = 0,426 n = 0,426

Vy phng trnh hp ph ng nhit Freundlich ca qu trnh ph

acid axetic trong dung dch ln b mt than hot tnh 25 0C l:

a = 0,16.C0,426

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S NGUYN L QU TRNH HP PH 24

Dng kh ra thp

Lp than hot tnh

Dng kh vo thp

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S NGUYN L QU TRNH HP PH 25

Dng kh ra thp

Lp than hot tnh

b bo ha

Dng kh vo thp
S NGUYN L QU TRNH HP PH

Dng kh ra thp
khng sch

Lp than hot tnh

b bo ha

Dng kh vo thp

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S NGUYN L QU TRNH HP PH

Dng kh cha
cht b hp ph

Lp than hot tnh

c hon nguyn

Khng kh sch

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S NGUYN L QU TRNH HP PH

Dng kh cha
cht b hp ph

Lp than hot tnh

c hon nguyn

Khng kh sch
S NGUYN L QU TRNH HP PH

Dng kh ra thp

Thc
Thc
hin
hin
Lp than hot tnh qu
qu
trnh
trnh
nh
hp
hp
ph
ph

Dng kh vo thp

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S NGUYN L QU TRNH HP PH 30

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CN BNG VT CHT 31

Dng kh ra thp

Lp than hot tnh

Dng kh vo thp
CN BNG VT CHT 32

5.1. Cc k hiu c bn
Q, Qc: lu lng tng cng ca pha kh vo v ra
khi thit b, m3/h Qc Cc
G: Sut lng cht hp ph sch, kg/h

C, Cc: nng cht b hp ph trong dng kh vo

v ra khi thp, kg cht b hp ph/m3 hn G
hp kh, kg/m3 a a*

a, a*: hot ca cht hp ph ban u v khi bo

ha, kg cht b hp ph/kg cht hp ph, % Q C
IV. CN BNG VT CHT 33

Cn bng vt cht cho cht b hp ph (CBHP):

Lng vo thp - lng ra khi thp = Lng b gi li trong thp

Dng kh mang vo - Dng lng mang ra = Cht hp ph gi li

Q.C - Qc.Cc = G.(a* a)

Vy lng cht hp ph sch cn s dng l

Q dC d - Q c C c
G=
a*- a
CN BNG VT CHT 34

V d
Hy xc nh lng than hot tnh cn thit, ng knh thit b hp
ph v chiu cao lp hp ph dng hp ph hi xng hn hp vi
khng kh. Lu lng hn hp kh l 3650m3/h. Nng ban u ca xng
l Co = 0,02 kg/m3; Tc ca hn hp kh hi l v = 40 m/ph tnh theo tit
din ngang ton phn ca thit b; hp ph ti a ca than i vi xng
l 7% khi lng, khi lng ring ca than hot tnh th = 500 kg/m3. Thi
gian nh, sy v lm ngui cht hp ph l 1,45 gi
Tm tt:
Q = 3650 m3/h a* = 0,07 Gth = ?
a=0 D=?
C = 0,02 kg/m 3

th = 500 kg/m3 Hth = ?

Cc = 0
t = 1,45 h
v = 45 m/ph
Tm tt:
Q = 3650 m3/h

C = 0,02 kg/m3
Thc
Cc = 0 Thc
hin
hin
v = 40 m/ph qu
qu
a* = 0,07 trnh
trnh
a=0 nh
hp
th = 500 kg/m 3
hp
ph
t = 1,45 h ph
Gth = ?

D = ? Hth = ?

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Tm tt:
Cn bng vt cht cho qu trnh hp ph ny ta
Q = 3650 m /h3
c:
C = 0,02 kg/m3
Q.C Qc.Cc= G.(a* a )
Cc = 0
Suy ra sut lng than hot tnh cn dng cho
v = 40 m/ph 1h hot ng trong qu trnh hp ph ny l
a* = 0,07
Qd .Cd 3650.0,02
a=0 G= = = 1043,0 kg / h
a* 0,07
th = 500 kg/m3 Do thi gian nh, sy v lm ngui cht hp ph
t = 1,45 h l 1,45 gi nn lng than hot tnh cn dng trong
Gth = ? thp l:
D = ? Hth = ? Gth = G.t = 1043,0.1,45 = 1512,4 kg

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Tm tt:
ng knh thit b hp ph c tnh theo cng
Q = 3650 m /h3
thc chung nh sau:
C = 0,02 kg/m3

Cc = 0 Qd 3650 / 3600
D= = = 1,39 m
0,785.v 0,785.40 / 60
v = 40 m/ph
a* = 0,07 Ly theo chun ta chn ng knh thit b l 1,4
a=0 m hay 1400 mm
th = 500 kg/m3 Chiu cao lp than hot tnh dng hp ph l:
t = 1,45 h
4Gth 4.1512,4
Gth = ? Hth = = = 1,96 m
.th .D2 .500.1,42
D = ? Hth = ?

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BI TP
Bi tp 1
hp ph ca cht A trong dung dch ln b mt than hot tnh
250C ph thuc nng acid cn bng nh sau

C, mol/l 0.12 0.54 1.08 1.60

a, mol/g than 0.070 0.125 0.165 0.210

Hy xc nh xem phng trnh hp ph ng nhit ca qu trnh l

Langmuir hay Freundlich. Tm cc h s c trng ca phng trnh ph
hp.

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BI TP
Bi tp 2

Hy xc nh lng than hot tnh v ng knh thit b hp

ph hp ph mt m 200 m3 hi octan tch t hn hp khng kh
vi cc d liu sau: nng ban u ca hi octan Co = 0,012
kg/m3; hot ca than i vi octan l 10%, khi lng ring ca
than hot tnh th = 350 kg/m3; chiu cao lp than trong thit b hp
ph H = 1,0 m.

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