dr. Eva Meutia. M.Ked (Neu), Sp.

S
MORFOLOGI
NEURON UNIT FUNGSIONAL
Tdd: Badan Sel, Axon dan Dendrit

Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
FISIOLOGIS
Komunikasi antar sel neuron
SINAPS
ANATOMI
SSP brain dan spinal cord
SST 12 saraf kranial dan 31 nervus
spinalis

SSP 2 kategori sel (neuron (10%) dan

supportive element (90%))

Tidak ada connective tissue pada SSP

kecuali di sekitar vaskular yi pada
meninges space antar neuron
processus neuroglia (astrosit,
oligodendrosit dan mikroglia 4
SSP
SST
MOTOR SYSTEM
 Those area of the nervous system
that are primarily responsible for
controlling movement
Consist of :
Upper motor neuron (UMN)
Lower motor neuron (LMN)
Myoneural junction
Muscle
 UMN neuron in the precentral gyrus
piramidal (corticobulbar and
corticospinalis tract) and extra piramidal
system

LMN motor neuron originates in

motor cranial nerve nuclei or the
anterior horn cell of the spinal cord

Motor end plate

SPINAL MOTOR-LMN

and motor neuron (MN) ventral

(anterior) horn
MN largest neuron and innervates
skeletal muscl fiber
MN innervates intrafusal muscle
fiber of muscle spinde
Cervical cord MN innervate arm
muscle
Lumbal MN innervate leg musculature
Inhibition of motor
system
Aim stabilized the activity of MN

central extrapyramidal system

Med spin interneuron sel renshaw

Somatosensory system
 Begin perceptual processes
mediated by receptor organ
First order neuron ganglion
dorsalis
Second order neuron in med spin
or brain stem
Third order neuron in thalamus
Receptors

Specialized sensory organ that

register physical and chemical
changes in the environment of
the organism and convert them
into the electrical impulses that
are processed by nervous system
Receptors
Extereceptors
Tangoseptor (tactile) Merkel and
Meissner
Thermoreseptor Krause (cold),
ruffini (warmth)
Nosiseptor Free Nerve Ending
Propioseptors muscle spindle
(stretch), golgi tendon organ (tension),
Mazzoni (pressure)
 Pemeriksaan Sistem
Motorik
Meliputi
- Kekuatan motorik
- Tonus (hiper, normo dan hipo)
- Trofik (hiper, normo dan hipo)
- Gerakan-gerakan involunter
Kekuatan motorik
Pemeriksaan Motorik
Homunculus Motorik
Extremitas superior
Bahu adduksi (Abduksi (m. deltoid, C5-6, n.
aksilaris)
Adduksi (m. pectoralis mayor, C5-T1, n.
thoracalis)

Lengan Fleksi (m. biceps, C5-6, n. muskulokutaneus)

(m. brachioradialis, C5-6, n. radialis)
Ekstensi (m. triceps, C6-8, n. radialis)
 Wrist Fleksi (m.fleksor carpi radialis, C6-7, n
medianus)
Ekstensi (m. ekstensor carpi radialis longus, C5-7,
n. radialis)

Hand dan finger:

Fleksi (m. fleksor digitorum sublimis, C7-T1, n. medianus)
Ekstensi (m. ekstensor digitorum communis, C7-8, n.radialis)
Fleksi (m. fleksor digitorum profundus, C8-T1, n. medianus)
Ekstensi (m. lumbrical dan interossei, C8-T1, n. medianus
dan ulnaris)
Refleks-Refleks :

- Refleks Fisiologis (Biseps/Triseps, KPR/APR)

0 = absen
+/+ = ada tetapi kurang
++/++ = normal
+++/+++ = meningkat
++++/++++ = hiperaktif (kdg disertai klonus)
+++++/++++ = spastisitas dan disertai
klonus

- Refleks Patologis (Babinsky, Chaddock, dll)

Reflex Superfisialis
Reflex Abdomen

Reflex Plantar
Deep tendon reflex

Biceps (m. biceps, C5-6, n. muskulokutaneus)

Triceps (m. triceps, C7-8, n. radialis)

 KPR/knee pees reflexquadriceps/patella
reflex (m. quadriceps, L3-4, n. femoral

APR/ Achilles pees reflexs (m. crural

post, gastrocnemius, soleus, dan plantaris, S1, n. Sciatic
 reinforcement test/jendrassic
maneuver
REFLEX PATOLOGIS