What is Education

Educationis they process of development which

consist
of the passage of human being from infancy to
maturity
,the process where by he adapts himself
gradually in
various ways to his physical &spiritual
environment

-T.Raymont
 Meaning of Education

Educatum: To train, Act of teaching

Educere: To lead out, to draw
Educare: to bring up,
raise,educate
 Definitions of Education
By education ,I mean the all round drawing out of
the best in child & man-body, mind & soul
M.K.Gandhi.

Education is the perfection already reached in

man
-Vivekananda.

Education is the natural, harmonious & progressive

development of mans innate powers -Pestalozzi
 Education as

As dynamic process
As development of childs innate power
As a bipolar process
As a tri polar process
 Differences

Education
All round development
Child centered
Acc to child's abilities
Prepares for real life
All learning is self learning
Instruction
Lope sided development
Teacher centered
Neglects abilities
To pass examinations
Cramming is encouraged
 Types of Education
Formal & Informal Education

Direct & Indirect Education

General & Specific Education

Individual & Collective Education

 Differences
1 Meaning Instruction Development

2 Aims Knowledge Development of total personality

& Social efficiency

3 Curriculum Subject centered Activity centered

4 Methods Rote Memory Learning by doing

5 Discipline Rigid,Repressionistic Self discipline

6 Examination Essay types Objective type

7 Agencies School Formal & In formal

8 Teacher Instructor Friend,Philosopher,Guide

9 child passive active

10 School Teaching shops Miniature of society

 Aims of Education

SOCIAL

NATIONAL

UNIVERSAL
 Universal Aims
Livelihood
Development of personality
Intellectual development
Physical development
Moral development
Aesthetic development
Social development
Cultural development
Spiritual development
Total development
Training for civic life
Training in international living
 Social Aims
Inculcation of social feelings
Social reforms
Promotion of social efficiency
Modification of environment
 Individual Aims
Preservation of culture
National security
Training for leadership
National development
National Integration
National Discipline
Priority to national interest
Emotional Integration
 Narrower meaning

In the narrower sense, education may be taken to mean any

consciously directed effort to develop and cultivate our
powers.
-S.S Mackenzi.

Education is a process in which and by which knowledge,

character and behavior of the young are shaped and molded.
-Prof Drever.

The influence of the environment of the individual with a

view to producing a permanent change in his habits of
behaviour,of thoughts and attitude.
-G.H.Thompson.
 Wider meaning

In the wider sense, it is a process that goes throughout

life, and is promoted by almost every experience in life.
-S.S MACKENZI
By education I mean the alround drawing out of the best in
the child and man-body, mind and soul.
-M.K.Gandhi
Education in its widest sense includes all the influences which
act upon an individual during his passage from cradle to
grave.
-Dumville.
Objectives of education in relation to
place
 General objs (U.K)

To raise standards at all the ability level.

To give parents a wider choice of schools and improve the

relationship between the schools and parents.

To make further and higher education more economically

relevant and available to larger numbers.

To obtain good value for the money from the education

service as whole.
 Objectives of school education
To improve school mgt.
To improve a broader and balanced curriculum. To ensure that
examinations support curriculum objectives.
To implement schemes for local mgt.of schools and delegate
responsibilities (budget) and decisions to the primary and secondary
schools.
To give every school an oppournity to opt out of the local authority level
and operate autonomously with the direct funding from the central govt.
To establish city technology colleges in urban areas( free edn)& with a
strong basis for sci & technology.
To improve teaching quality & to supply of suitably qualified trs.
To see that the school governors properly handle their responsibilities.
To support the extension of technical & vocational educational institutes.
To broaden the curriculum for16-8 yrs old.
To improve the response of the schools for the multiethnic society.
To improve the levels of attendance& help schools maintain an orderly
atmosphere for teaching & learning process.
 Objs of school education in soviet
union.
The 27th congress of CPU (1986) placed the individual with
all his requirements ,needs, problems as the central figure
of every plan of concern.

According to Gennadi yagodin ,(USSR minister of higher

and higher and secondary special education)Social
humanisms of no use if the realization of potentials of every
individual& development of the individuals spiritual growth.

He visualized two imp aims-

Edn must mold the personality.
It must encourage initiavitive
 Objectives of U.S.A
The education policies commission issued the purpose of
education in 1938 as follows
Self realization

Human relationship

Economic efficiency

Civic responsibility
 Contd.
They have traditionally regarded education as a means of
improving themselves van the society.

The basic American value respect for the individual has

lead to major changes which the American people have
placed in their schools, to foster the development of
individual capacities which will enable each human being
to become the best person he is capable of becoming.

The purpose which runs and strengthens all the

educational purposes in the common thread of education is
the development of the individual to think.
 Objectives of education in India

According to the preamble of our constitution the

objectives of national policy are:

Justice: Economical,Social,Polotical.

Liberty: Thought, Believe,Expression,Faith& Worship.

Equality: Status & Opportunity.

Fraternity: To maintain dignity of Individuals & Unity of the

nation.
Education must orient itself to attain these goals.
 Objectives acc. to time
Ancient Medieval British Free India
To lead a Religious Aim to create All round
prosperous training, Indian (in development
&varied life. Training in color & blood) of nation &
Total others skills into English in individual
development. of life.
Salvation to be terms of To promote
Spread of intelligence,in nations
the ideal of
life ,hence religion. terest,opinion interest.
salvation was s,morality for Synthesis
educative, white color between the
Spiritual jobs. individual and
development. Instill the the social
Development of respect for good.
personality, their
workshop of
religious
God, character
development, principles,
character dev., Laws &
civic & social tradition.
duties.propogati
on of national
culture.
 Pestalozzi

Aim of education: According to him" the natural ,progressive and

harmonious development of all powers and capacities of human being.

Methods of instruction: Acc to him a child should be thoroughly& thereafter

the teaching method should be decided upon.

sense perception: He was a believer of sense perception

.
Use of object lesson: Teach him nothing by words that you can teach him
by things themselves
.
Nature as an educator: Nature teaches better than man.
Discipline: He forced nothing on his students but guided them to control
themselves.

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