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Current Transformer: Performance Analysis
Current Transformer: Performance Analysis
TO
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS
RATIO SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS
VARIOUS TOPICS
TEST
Z = V/I --- accurate value of I
DISTANCE ~ Z
INTRODUCTION
IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument
Transformers C57.13
EXCITATION VOLTAGE
EXCITATION CURRENT
EXCITATION IMPEDANCE
DEFINITIONS
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT/DIAGRAM
POLARITY
BURDEN
TERMINAL VOLTAGE
CLASSIFICATIONS T AND C
DEFINITIONS
KNEE POINT
MULTI-TAPS ACCURACY
Ze = IMPEDANCE
Vt = TERMINAL VOLTAGE Vgh
POLARITY - next
TYPICAL EXCITATION BBC
CURRENT vs VOLTAGE
V (volts) Ie(amps) Ze(ohms)
3.0 0.004 750
7.5 0.007 1071
15 0.011 1364
42 ------ -----
85 ------ -----
180 ------ ------
310 ------ 3100
400 0.25 1600
425 ------ ------
450 ------ ------
500 5.0 100.0
520 10.0 52.0
CURRENT vs VOLTAGE
V (volts) Ie(amps) Ze(ohms)
3.0 0.004 750
7.5 0.007 1071
15 0.011 1364
42 0.02 2100
85 0.03 2833
180 0.05 3600
310 0.1 3100
400 0.25 1600
425 0.5 850
450 1.00 450
500 5.0 100.0
520 10.0 52.0
Rsec
Zint I2
I1
Ie+I2
Ie
{
RB
N1 I1 EXTERNAL
Ze
N2 BURDEN
LB
POLARITY
DEFINITIONS
EXCITATION CURVE
EXCITATION VOLTAGE
EXCITATION CURRENT
EXCITATION IMPEDANCE
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT/DIAGRAM
BURDEN - NEXT
BURDEN
The impedances of loads are called BURDEN
Individual devices or total connected load,
including sec impedance of instrument
transformer.
For devices burden expressed in VA at
specified current or voltage, the burden
impedance Zb is:
Zb = VA/IxI or VxV/VA
EXTERNAL BURDEN
Burden: 0.27 VA @ 5A = .. Ohms
2.51 VA @ 15A = .. Ohms
{
RB
BURDEN
=
VA / I LB
QUIZ
I2
RB
CLASSIFICATIONS T AND C
ANSI/IEEE STANDARD FOR
CLASSIFICATION T & C
CLASS T: CTs that have
significant leakage flux within the
transformer core - class T; wound
CTs, with one or more primary-
winding turns mechanically
encircling the core. Performance
determined by test.
CLASS C
CTs with very minimal leakage
flux in the core, such as the
through, bar, and bushing types.
Performance can be calculated.
KNEE POINT
DEFINITIONS
KNEE POINT IEEE IEC - effective
saturation point
ANSI/IEEE
Excitation Volts
KNEE POINT
Knee Point Volts
ANSI/IEE
KNEE POINT
2000/5 .. ...
1500/5 .. ...
1100/5 .. ...
500/5 .. ...
300/5 .. ...
AN EXERCISE
2000/5 MR C800 tap used*c-class/max ratio
300/5 78 120
AN EXERCISE
2000/5 MR C400 tap used*c-class/max ratio
2000/5 .. ...
1500/5 .. ...
1100/5 .. ...
500/5 .. ...
300/5 .. ...
AN EXERCISE
2000/5 MR C400 tap used*c-class/max ratio
500/5 55 100
300/5 32 60
CT SELECTION
ACCURACY CLASS
CALCULATIONS
BUT
THE REST OF US
STEPS:
CT Ratio selection
Relay Tap Selection
Determine Total Burden (Load)
CT Performance using ANSI/IEEE Standard
CT Performance using Excitation Curve
PERFORMANCE CALCULATION
STEPS:
CT Ratio selection
Relay Tap Selection
Determine Total Burden (Load)
CT Performance using ANSI/IEEE Standard
CT Performance using Excitation Curve
STEPS:
CT Ratio selection
- within short time and continuous current thermal limits
- max load just under 5A
Load Current= 90 A
CT ratio selection : 100/5
PERFORMANCE CALCULATION
Total to CT terminals:
STEPS:
CT Ratio selection
Relay Tap Selection
Determine Total Burden (Load)
CT Performance using ANSI/IEEE
Standard
CT Performance using Excitation
Curve
PERFORMANCE CALCULATION
Ip Rp Xp Rs Is
e
g
c
Pri Ie Ze Sec
h
d
(100/600) x 100 = ?
Beyond the knee of curve, small amount 0.5% does not significantly
decreases the fault current to the relay.
TEST I2
RB
C400
ZONE1
Z = V/A
DISTANCE ~Z
STANDARD DATA FROM
MANUFACTURER
ACCURACY:
RELAY CLASS C200
METERING CLASS, USE 0.15%
0.3%, 0.6% & 1.2% AVAIALABLE BUT NOT
RECOMMENDED
0.15% MEANS +/- 0.15% error at 100%
rated current and 0.30% error at 10% of rated
current ( double the error)
STANDARD DATA FROM
MANUFACTURER
CONTINUOUS (Long Term) rating
Primary
Ratio
Insulation test