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Cylinder
Cylinder
Aerodynamic drag is exerted on an object when fluid flow passes through it. This
force is due to a combination of the shear and pressure forces acting on the
surface of the object. The determination of these forces is difficult since it
involves the measurement of both velocity and pressure fields near the surface of
the object. However, based on the momentum balance concept, this force can also
be determined as carrying out the momentum balance around the object. Drag
force on a circular cylinder (unit width 1m) will be given here as an example. As
shown below, velocity profiles before and after the cylinder are measured.
Determine the drag force acting on the cylinder by assuming uniform pressure at
the measuring stations.
Vin=50 m/s
(2)
y
(5) 1 m u(y)=50 (m/s), |y|>1
=20+30|y| (m/s), |y|1
x
&1 m
or m &2 m
&3 0
yH 1 H
V1 A1 m&2 0
udA 0, m&2 [V1 A1 (20 30 y )(1)dy V1dA]
0 1
( P ) dA P dA P dA (
(5)
x
(1)
x
(3)
x
(1)
) (
(2)
) (
(3)
)
r r r
Rx Patm A1 Patm A3 V dA 1
2
V (V dA) V 2 dA
(1) (2) (3)
1 H
Periodic shedding of vortices into the wake generates alternative up- and down-
wash as shown. Consequently, oscillatory loading will be exerted on the cylinder.
L