Education in Pakistan

Dr. Waseem Anwar

 Contents

PART - I
Definition of Education
Constitution of Pakistan
PART II
Education Scenario
Education Policy

2
 Definition of Education
The definition of education in common
usage, that education is merely the
delivery of knowledge, skills and
information from teachers to students, is
inadequate to capture what is really
important about being and becoming
educated.

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 The proper definition of education is
the process of becoming an
educated person.
Being an educated person means
you have access to optimal states of
mind regardless of the situation you
are in.
4
 Constitution of Pakistan

5
 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan, 1973 Article 37-b
The State shall remove illiteracy and
provide free and compulsory
secondary education within
minimum possible period

6
 Concurrent Legislative List:

Curriculum, syllabus, planning,

policy, centers of excellence,
standard of education & Islamic
education

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 PART II
EDUCATION SCENARIO

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 Human Development Index
Country Ranking
(out of 177 countries)
2005 2006 2007
Iran 99 96 94
Sri Lanka 93 93 99
Maldives 96 98 100
India 127 126 128
Bhutan 134 135 133
Pakistan 135 134 136
Bangladesh 139 137 140
Nepal 136 138 142

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 Literacy Rates

Literacy Definition
(As in 1998 Census)

The ability of a person who

can read a newspaper and
write a simple letter in any
language
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 Literacy Rates

PAKISTAN = 55 % (Male = 67 %,Female = 42%)

Province Literacy Rate
Punjab= 60.2%
Sindh = 57.7%
NWFP = 49.9%
Balochistan = 48.8%

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 Educational Institutions by Level

Level Total Public Private

Pre-primary 1,081 287 794
Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88
Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823
Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115
Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540
British System 281 11 270
NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823
Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857
Universities 116 59 57
Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831
Vocational 3,059 916 2,143
Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799

Others 3,120 2,241 879

TOTAL 227,791 151,77(67%) 76,019
(33%)
 Institutions by Medium of Instruction

Type # of Institutions Urdu English Sindhi Others

Total 227,791 14806 2277 3416 22779

Public 151,744 103,186 3,035 33,384 12,139

Private 76,047 43,347 21,29 3,521 9,886

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 EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN

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 Challenges

Weakened Governance
Fragmentation
Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier
Relationships
Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers
Quality of curriculum, textbooks &
exams
Low level of literacy
Out of school children
Dropouts
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 Challenges

Public Private Partnership

In-adequate financing
Gender Equity
Poor monitoring & evaluation
Imbalance in primary, middle &
secondary schools
Inconvenient school location

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 SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL
EDUCATION PLAN
Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education
Promotion of Equity
Minimum National Standards
Relevance to Labour Market
Sector Planning
Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018
Encourage Private sector
Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education
Improve Planning, Management and Implementation
Capacity
Donor Harmonisation
Overcoming Fragmented Governance
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 SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL
EDUCATION PLAN
Bridging the Public Private Divide
Improved Examination System
Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) &
inclusive education.
Achieve the MDG goals.
All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level
Well developed plan for expanding school facilities.
High priority to reducing drop out rates
Improved school environment
Career Counselling at higher secondary level
Develop national literacy curriculum
Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers
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 SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL
EDUCATION PLAN

Pre-service & in-service teacher training

Accreditation and certification of teachers
Merit based teacher recruitment, professional
development, promotions & postings
Curriculum development
Competitive publishing of textbooks and
learning materials
District Education Boards to be established for
managing schools
Separate management & academic cadres
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 Allocation of Funds to Education:
Year 2009-10
(Rs. in million)
Non-Development Development Total
1. Ministry of Education 1,824.426 3,122.459 4,946.885
2. Higher Education 7,045.608 9,104.436 16,150.044
Commission

3. Major Projects under Ministry of Education

a. Madaris Reforms (Teaching of formal subjects in Madaris) 1449.000

b. Education Sector Reforms Program 800.00
c. Establishment of 82,000 Community Schools in Pakistan 170.510
AJK and FATA
d. Science Education Project (Phase-II) ADB assisted FCU 84.670
e. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) 71.530
f. Establishment of Cadet College Zhob at Qilla Saifullah 50.000
20 Continue
 (Rs. In million)

g. Establishment of Cadet College Panjgur 50.000

h. Upgradation of FG Secondary Educational Institutions 45.000
to the level of Islamabad Model Colleges
i. Upgradation of FG Elementary Educational Institutions 40.000
to the level of Islamabad Model Schools
j. Establishment of 350 Community Schools in hard to 39.329
reach areas of FATA (NORAD assisted)

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 Future Plans for Education in Pakistan

1. Tripartite Partnership:
The role of family, the community and the State. All
need to be mobilized.
2. Free Education Upto Matriculation:
3. Provision of Free Textbooks:
4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl
Students:
5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools
Particularly in Rural Areas.

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 6. Teachers Status and Recruitment of Female
Teachers:
Better status and pay for teachers.
Experience has demonstrated that schools with female
teachers function well particularly at Primary level.
7. Improvement in Learning Environment:
Better infrastructure through School Management
Councils.
8. Technical / Vocational Education:
It is important to provide demand related skills.

9. Instructional Methods:
Emphasis must be given on development of analytical
23 faculties of the students. Continue
 10. Teachers Training and Knowledge:
To improve teachers knowledge of the subject
and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching
skills.

11. English Language:

Introduction of English from Class I.
Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching
of science subjects in English at public secondary
schools.

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 Thank You All

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