2-1 THE NATURE OF MATTER

ATOM: Basic unit of matter, containing

subatomic particles

What are subatomic particles??????

Protons, Neutrons, and electrons

 Protons and Neutrons have same mass

Protons are positively charged (+)

Neutrons carry no charge

Where are these found????

NUCLEUS: Center of atom, containing

protons and neutrons.
 ELECTRON: Negatively charged particle
(-). Constant motion in space surrounding
the nucleus.

Attracted to nucleus why????

Atoms have equal numbers of protons and

neutrons making an atom neutrally
charged
 ELEMENTS AND ISOTOPES
ELEMENT: Pure substance consisting of
one type of atom. Ex?????

Represented by one or two-letter symbol

C = Carbon, H = Hydrogen, Na = Sodium

# of protons = elements atomic number

What is C atomic number????

What does this represent????

~Carbon has six protons and six
electrons
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES: Atoms of the same element
that have different number of neutrons
from protons.

Sumof protons and neutrons = elements

mass number
 RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
Some nuclei breakdown and are very
unstable

These isotopes give off radiation

Used to determine age of rocks and fossils

 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
COMPOUND: Combination of two or
more elements.

Shown by chemical formulas

H2O, NaCl

Numbers rep???
 CHEMICAL BONDS
IONIC BONDS: When one or more
electrons are transferred from one atom to
another.

Atoms that loose electrons are positive

Atoms that gain electrons are negative

 COVALENT BONDS
COVALENT BOND: When electrons are
shared between atoms.
 When 2 electrons are shared its called a
single covalent bond
 When atoms share 4 electrons, its a
double covalent bond
 Atoms share 6 electrons = triple covalent
bond
 Van der Walls Forces
When molecules are close together, an
attraction develops between oppositely
charged regions.

Not as strong as ionic or covalent