Potential Transformer

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
 Characteristic of PT
To step down the system voltage to a level
suitable for measuring instruments and
protective relays.
110V is protective relay voltage rating.

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
 %ratio error
%ratio error=[(KVs-Vp)/Vp]*100
K=nominal voltage ratio
=rated primary voltage
-----------------------------
rated secondary voltage
Vs=Secondary Voltage
Vp=Primary Voltage

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
 %ratio error (contd.)
Class Ratio Error Phase Angle
3.0 +or -3% 2
5.0 +or-5% 5

Desirable PT ratio error is + or -3% .

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
Type of construction used for PT
Electromagnetic type
Capacitor type

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
1. Electromagnetic Type
Used up to 132kV.
Output is low.
Voltage rating governs its construction.

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
Electromagnetic Type-Construction
Low voltages up to 33kV: Dry type
transformers with varnish impregnated
and taped windings.
High voltages up to 66kV:
a) Oil immersed PTs. or
b) PTs with windings impregnated and
encapsulated in synthetic resins.

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
Electromagnetic Type-Construction
>132kV
Several PTs are connected in cascade.
Primary windings of CTs are connected in
series, though each primary is on a separate
core.
Coupling coils are used along with each
primary to decrease effective leakage
inductance.
=>Voltage is distributed equally.
Placed above in porcelain enclosure.

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
2. Capacitor Type

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
 Capacitor Type (contd.)
Economical for higher voltages i.e.>132kV.
V2 is 10% or less of system voltage.
Reactor is adjusted to such a value that at
system frequency it resonates with the
capacitors.
Errors of capacitor type PT can be reduced by
reducing it burden.
Electronics amplifier with high input impedance
and VA O/P high enough to supply VA burden
can be included in capacitor type PT.

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika
Capacitor Type -Disadvantages
Transient performance of capacitor type
PT is inferior than electromagnetic type.
Introduces harmonics in Vs.
Performance of Voltage Divider type
capacitor type PT is not as good.
Performance of high speed digital relay
is less reliable with capacitor type PT.

Prof.O.V.Gnana Swathika