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Presentation of structures
STRUCTURE number 1
STRUCTURE number 2
STRUCTURE number 3
STRUCTURE number 4
STRUCTURE number 5
STRUCTURE number 6
STRUCTURE number 7
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NewsitemStructures
Structure 1, Structure 2, Structure 3, Structure 4,
Structure 5, Structure 6, Structure 7,
Topics : Advertising, AIDS, Cars and car drivers, Drugs,
The European Union, Genetically engineered or
modified food, Global warming, Globalisation,
Health, The homeless, The internet, Living in a
city/in the country, Living with ones parents,
Marriage, Men/Women parity, Nature, Politics, The price
of petrol, Racism, Robots and man, Sharing a flat,
Smoking, Sport, Studying abroad, Taxes, Television,
Third world countries, Unemployment, and so on
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STRUCTURE number 1
To present the main reason(s) for a choice
(prsenter la/les raisons d'un choix)
"What are the main criteria when V-ING (=an action
which implies a choice) ? Besides the background
reasons such as (sth), there are other fundamentals."
TEXT
TRANSLATION
EXAMPLES
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TEXT (1)
" What are the main criteria when picking a
foreign country as an investment target? Besides
the background reasons such as rates of return on
the investment and the degree of risk, there are
other fundamentals." (Click and listen)
Investment international, May 1991, P.15, Swiss
bankrolls (bankroll=a supply of money).
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TRANSLATION (1)
Quels sont les principaux critres lorsqu'on fait le
choix d'un pays tranger pour y investir? Mises
part les raisons de fond telles que la rentabilit de
l'investissement et l'importance du risque, il y a
d'autres lments essentiels.
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EXAMPLES
Nature : - What are the main criteria when (buy)ing
(a "green" product)? Besides the background reasons
such as (helping to protect nature), there are other
fundamentals.
Politics : - What are the main criteria when
(choos)ing (a political career)? Besides the background
reasons such as (the strong desire to serve one's
country), there are other fundamentals.
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STRUCTURE number 2
To present a behaviour contrasting with what was expected
(prsenter un comportement surprenant)

(Sby) used to be far more likely to (do...) than (do...)

TEXT
TRANSLATION
EXAMPLES
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TEXT (2)
(About East-Germany youngsters) They used to
be far more likely to throw a Molotov cocktail than
put on a show. (Click and listen)
"Sensitivity training for Neo-Nazis", NEWSWEEK,
April 27, 1992.
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TRANSLATION (2)
Autrefois, on s'attendait beaucoup plus voir les jeunes
de lAllemagne de lEst jeter un cocktail Molotov
qu'organiser un spectacle.
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EXAMPLE (2)
Nature : (Industrialists) used to be far more likely to
(think of their profits) than (take care of the
environment).

Sport : (In the sixties young people) used to be far more

likely to (do sport) than (sit in front of a computer).
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STRUCTURE number 3
To present a tendency, a common attitude that can be
criticised.
(prsenter une tendance, une attitude qui peut tre
critique)
Advocates of (sth) often fall prey to the temptation of
referring to (sth) as (sth)
TEXT
TRANSLATION
EXAMPLES
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TEXT (3)
Advocates of European unity often fall
prey to the temptation of referring to
Europe as "a family" (Click and listen)
"European Unity", THE EUROPEAN, May 31st,
1992
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TRANSLATION (3)
Les partisans de l'unit europenne cdent souvent la
tentation de comparer l'Europe une famille
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EXAMPLES (3)
Nature : Advocates of (ecology) often fall prey to the
temptation of referring to (Nature) as (everyone's
mother).
English : Advocates of (the English language) often fall
prey to the temptation of referring to (English) as (THE
international language).
Sport : Advocates of (sport) often fall prey to the
temptation of referring to (physical activities) as (an
essential part of life).
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STRUCTURE number 4
To present a dilemna.
(prsenter un dilemne)
Therein lies the challenge facing ( sby/sth) - how
to (do) while (doing).
TEXT
TRANSLATION
EXAMPLES
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TEXT (4)
Therein lies the challenge facing a united
Europe - how to combine a political and
economic unity with a cultural and a
linguistic diversity, while enhancing mutual
tolerance and respect. (Click and listen)
"European Unity", THE EUROPEAN, May 31st, 1992
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TRANSLATION (4)
Voil le dfi auquel est confronte une Europe unie:
comment combiner une unit politique et conomique
avec une diversit culturelle et linguistique, tout en
renforant la tolrance et le respect mutuel.
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EXAMPLES (4)
Nature : Therein lies the challenge facing (the greens) -
how to (take part in governmental action) while
(remain)ing (true to their basic ideas).
Sport : Therein lies the challenge facing ( sportsmen) -
how to (stay at the top/win) while (refus)ing
(drugs/be)ing (clean).
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STRUCTURE number 5
To express a change in sbys attitude.
(exprimer un changement dans l'attitude de qn.)
(sby) have to abandon (ones) long-cherished notion
that a (...) is a (...) that (do)
TEXT
TRANSLATION
EXAMPLES
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TEXT (5)
Managers will also have to abandon
their long-cherished notion that a
productive employee is an employee
that can be seen. (Click and listen)
" The eternal coffee-break ", The Economist
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TRANSLATION (5)
Les dirigeants devront galement abandonner le
sentiment qu'ils ont depuis longtemps qu'un employ
productif est un employ que l'on peut voir.
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EXAMPLES (5)
Nature : (Ecologists) will have to abandon their long-
cherished notion that (a safe policy) is (a policy) that
(ignores technical progress).
Sport : (Spectators) abandoned their long-cherished
notion that (a dangerous car) is (a car) that (goes fast).
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STRUCTURE number 6
To give a justification for sth
(donner une justification qc.)
The impact of (sth) has been important and explains
why (clause).
TEXT
TRANSLATION
EXAMPLES
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TEXT (6)
The psychological impact of the collapse
has been immense and explains why
people will subject themselves to a
killing routine like the trans-German
commute. (Click and listen)
(May, 25, 1992): " Westward Ho! And Back Again", TIME, P.57
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TRANSLATION (6)
L'impact psychologique de cet effondrement a t
immense et explique pourquoi les gens s'imposent cette
routine mortelle que sont les trajets d'une Allemagne
une autre.
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EXAMPLES (6)
Nature : The impact of (last autumn floods) has been
important and explains why (the French are becoming
aware of the dangers of modern farming).
Sport : The impact of (the world cup) has been
immense and explains why (there is so much football
on tv).
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STRUCTURE number 7
To express an agreement on sth
(exprimer un accord sur qc.)
It was agreed that (sby/sth) would (vb)
TEXT
TRANSLATION
EXAMPLES
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TEXT (7)
It was agreed that the executive
committee of the rugby league would
be the controlling body for the game.
(Click and listen)

(January 13 2000): " Storm fear Saints may turn sinners", The Guardian, P.15
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TRANSLATION (7)
On sest mis daccord sur le fait que le comit de
direction du rugby treize serait lorgane de contrle
pour cette partie.
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EXAMPLES (7)
Nature : It was agreed that (every component) would
(be written on products).
Sport : It is agreed that (tv) will (pay for every match).