Rai peten tied seeetieae many Seine ot presynaptic neuron, Ce? enters synaptic knob (presynaptic exc terminal) ©) Neurotransmiter ic released by exocytosie Into synaptic cle. Nevrotranemaer binds to receptors that are {integral partol chemically gated channels o subsynaptic membrane af postsynaptic neuron a crag sear recpirreeteraannatpeiciarey (FIGURE 4-14 Structure and function of a single synapse. The numbered steps designate the sequence of events that take place at a synapse. The blowup depicts the release by exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic axon terminal and its subsequent binding with recep- {tors specific for it on the subsynaptic membrane of the postsynaptic neuron.«Table 4-4 comparison of the Nervous System and the Endocrine System Property Nervous System Endocrine System ‘Anatomic Arrangement ‘A-wired” system a specific structural ar- ‘A-wireless” systeme endocrine glands are widely rangement exists between neurons and their dispersed and not structurally related to one arr ‘target cells, with structural continuity in the ether or to their target cells system ‘Type of Chemical Messenger Neurotrancmitters released into the synaptic Hormones released into the blood deft. Distance of Action of the Short distance (diffuses across the synaptic Long distance (carried by the blood) ‘Chemical Messenger cleft) ‘Specificity of Actiononthe Dependent on the close anatomic relation- Dependent on the specificity of target cellbinding Target Cell ship between neurons and their targetcells and responsiveness toa particular hormone ‘Speed of Response (Generally rapid (milliseconds) ‘Generally slow (minutes to hours) Duration of Action Brief (milliseconds) Long {minutes to days or longer) Major Functions (Coordinates rapid, precise responses ‘Controls activities that requirelong duration rather than speed