WORKING OF

WATER TREATMENT
PLANT

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 NEED OF WATER
TREATMENT
Untreated Water:
is unhealthy for humans, pets, and wildlife.
allows bacteria, viruses, and other disease-
causing pathogens to enter groundwater and
surface water.
hepatitis, dysentery, and other diseases may
result from bacteria and viruses in drinking water.
can raise the nitrate levels in groundwater
which affects the ability of an infant's blood to carry
oxygen, a condition called methemoglobinemia
(blue-baby syndrome).
WATER TREATMENT
Coagulation
PROCESSES:-
Screening /
Flocculation

Sedimentati
Filtration
on

Disinfection Aeration
1. Waste Water

2. Screening

3. Coagulation/Floccul

ation

4. Sedimentation

5. Softening

6. pH Adjustment

7. Stabilization

8. Filtration

9. Disinfection

10.Aeration

11.Supply
 Screening
The process of removal of large debris such as
sticks, leaves, trash and other large particles
which may interfere with subsequent
purification steps.
It removes debris which may clog the pumps
and may cause problems in water treatment.
Coagulation/Flocculation
Coagulation means a reduction in the forces
which tend to keep suspended particles apart.

The joining together of small particles into

larger, settleable and filterable particles is
flocculation.

The coagulants may include:

Aluminum sulphate or Alum
Aluminum Hydroxide
Iron salts, etc.
Floc Formation
 Sedimentation
It occurs in sedimentation basin or
clarifier which is a large tank, allowing
flocs to settle to the bottom.
Sedimentation basins may be
rectangular, where water flows from end
to end, or
circular where flow is from the centre
outward.
The minimum clarifier retention time is
normally 2- 4 hours.
Sedimentation
Tank
 Filtration
It is the removal of particulate
impurities and floc from the water
being treated.
It considerably reduces presence of
bacteria in water.
The most common type of filter is
Rapid Sand Filter.
Rapid Sand Filtration
 Disinfection
It is the treatment by which disease producing
bacteria
and other micro-organisms present in water are
killed.

Disinfectants cause:
Damage to cell wall of micro-organisms which
leads to cell lysis and death.
Alteration of cell permeability which causes
outflow of vital nutrients such as nitrogen and
phosphorus.

The various forms of disinfectants include:

 Aeration
It is the process in which water is brought
into contact with air.
It transfers volatile substances like
oxygen, carbon dioxide,etc to or from
water.
It reduces the concentration of taste-
odor producing substances like sulphides.
It causes removal of volatile organic
compounds which are suspected
carcinogens.
THANKS!