4G Technology

Presented
By Nithin Raj
4G Definition
4G is not one defined technology or
standard, but rather a collection of
technologies at creating fully packet-
switched networks optimized for data.

4G Networks are projected to provide

speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.
 0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
At the end of the 1940s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to
users in cars to the public land-line based
telephone network.

In the 1960s, a system launched by Bell Systems,

called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service
(IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such
as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very
first analog systems were based upon IMTS and
were created in the late 60s and early 70s.
1G Technology
1G refers to the first-generation of wireless
telephone technology was developed in
1970s.

1G had two major improvements:

the invention of the microprocessor
the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.
Analog signal
2G Technology
Around 1980s

Better quality & capacity - More people

could use there phones at the same time

Digital Signals consist of 0s & 1s

Previous Technology - 2G
Digital consist of 0s and 1s
Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge
 Previous Technology - 2G
Digital data can be compressed and
multiplexed much more effectively than analog
voice encodings
Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals
or digital data streams are combined into one
signal
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum
is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times
slower than an ISDN
Previous Technology - 2G
Allows for lower powered radio signals that
require less battery

PowerCODEC introduction -program that

encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal
Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa
Previous Technology - 2G
Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

The digital voice encoding allows digital

error checking
increase sound quality
lowers the noise level
Going all-digital allowed for the introduction
of digital data transfer
SMS short message service
E-mail
Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage
area
Jagged Decay curve
Abrupt dropped calls
Analog gradual sound reduction
Spotty coverage
3G Technology
Large capacity and broadband capabilities

Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile

systems and up to 2Mbps

Increased spectrum efficiency 5Mhz

A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2GGlobal roaming
Previous Technology - 3G
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

Form of multiplexing

Does not divide up the channel by time or

frequency

Encodes data with a special code associated

with each channel
Code Division Multiple Access
Types of Multiplexing
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple
Access
Each phone call is allocated one
frequency for the entire duration of the
call
Types of Multiplexing
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and
"takes turns" being transmitted
Types of Multiplexing
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in
a manner known as spread spectrum
transmission
Reasons for New Research
Even though 3G has successfully been
introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
High input fees for the 3G service licenses

Great differences in the licensing terms

3G phones are expensive

Fourth Generation
What is 4G?
Fourth Generation Technology
Faster and more reliable
100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
Most information is proprietary
Communications Architecture
Broadcast layer:
fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower

connected by fiber, microwave, or

satellite (ISP)
Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbucks)
Communications Architecture
Personal Layer Gateway:
devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,
fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs

Info-Sensor layer:
environmental sensors

Fiber-optic wire layer:

high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic
cables and repeaters
Ad Hoc Networks
Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices

Not necessarily connected

to internet

4G will create hybrid

wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks

Form of mesh
networkingVery reliable
Enhance Mobile Gaming
Experience enhance wireless capabilities
that deliver mobile gaming interaction
with less than five seconds

Play online multi player games while

traveling at high speeds or sitting outside
Broadband access in Remote
location
4G will provide a wireless alternative
for broadband access

I will provide first opportunity for

broadband access in remote locations
without an infrastructure to support
cable or DSL access.
Thanking You