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    WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. He was honored by the Texas National Association for Multicultural Education as Professor, Scholar, and Pioneer Publisher for Distinguished Service to Multicultural Research Publishing. The ceremony was held at Texas A&M University-College Station. He was inducted into the prestigious William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor. He was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr. Kritsonis was a Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Teacher College in New York, and Visiting Scholar in the School of Education at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. In May 2015, Dr. Kritsonis participated in the Think Tank on Global Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The think tank focused on how to help students develop intercultural awareness, knowledge of global issues, and multilingualism. He served on a national think tank appointed by the Secretary of Education in 2012-15 for Providence Rhode Island Schools with sessions conducted at Brown University in the Annenberg Institute for School Reform. In 2013, he was a nominee for the Outstanding Texas Educator Award exemplifying the leadership of John Ben Shepperd for public leadership education, ethics, and public service. He is Founder of National FORUM Journals (Since 1982). Professor Kritsonis is the author of numerous articles as well as author or coauthor of several books.

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    Chpt 2 Trait[1]

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    WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. He was honored by the Texas National Association for Multicultural Education as Professor, Scholar, and Pioneer Publisher for Distinguished Service to Multicultural Research Publishing. The ceremony was held at Texas A&M University-College Station. He was inducted into the prestigious William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor. He was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr. Kritsonis was a Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Teacher College in New York, and Visiting Scholar in the School of Education at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. In May 2015, Dr. Kritsonis participated in the Think Tank on Global Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The think tank focused on how to help students develop intercultural awareness, knowledge of global issues, and multilingualism. He served on a national think tank appointed by the Secretary of Education in 2012-15 for Providence Rhode Island Schools with sessions conducted at Brown University in the Annenberg Institute for School Reform. In 2013, he was a nominee for the Outstanding Texas Educator Award exemplifying the leadership of John Ben Shepperd for public leadership education, ethics, and public service. He is Founder of National FORUM Journals (Since 1982). Professor Kritsonis is the author of numerous articles as well as author or coauthor of several books.

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    10 views11 pages

    CHPT 2 Trait

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous aDHOj5
    WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. He was honored by the Texas National Association for Multicultural Education as Professor, Scholar, and Pioneer Publisher for Distinguished Service to Multicultural Research Publishing. The ceremony was held at Texas A&M University-College Station. He was inducted into the prestigious William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor. He was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr. Kritsonis was a Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Teacher College in New York, and Visiting Scholar in the School of Education at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. In May 2015, Dr. Kritsonis participated in the Think Tank on Global Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The think tank focused on how to help students develop intercultural awareness, knowledge of global issues, and multilingualism. He served on a national think tank appointed by the Secretary of Education in 2012-15 for Providence Rhode Island Schools with sessions conducted at Brown University in the Annenberg Institute for School Reform. In 2013, he was a nominee for the Outstanding Texas Educator Award exemplifying the leadership of John Ben Shepperd for public leadership education, ethics, and public service. He is Founder of National FORUM Journals (Since 1982). Professor Kritsonis is the author of numerous articles as well as author or coauthor of several books.

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    of 11

    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Trait Approach

    Leadership
    Theory and Practice, 3/e
    Peter G. Northouse, Ph.D.

    William Allan Kritsonis, PhD


    Presenter

    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 1


    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Overview
    Great Person Theories
    Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective
    What Traits Differentiate Leaders
    From Nonleaders?
    How Does the Trait Approach Work?
    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 2
    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Great Person Theories


    Trait Approach: one of the first systematic
    attempts to study leadership
    Great Man
    Theories (early
    1900s)
    Focused on identifying
    intrinsic qualities and
    characteristics possessed
    by great social, political,
    & military leaders

    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 3


    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective


    Early 1900s 1930-50s 1970s - Early 90s Today

    6 Major
    Great Man Traits Interacting Revival of Critical Role of Leadership
    Theories With Situational Traits in Leader Traits
    Demands on Leaders Effectiveness
    Intelligence
    Research focused Landmark Stogdill (1948) Stogdill (1974) Self-Confidence
    on individual study - analyzed and - Analyzed 163 new studies Determination
    characteristics synthesized 124 trait studies with 1948 study findings Integrity
    that universally - Leadership - Validated original study Sociability
    differentiated reconceptualized - 10 characteristics
    leaders as a relationship between positively identified with
    from nonleaders people in a social situation leadership

    Mann (1959) reviewed 1,400 Lord, DeVader, &


    Innate Qualities findings of personality and Alliger (1986) meta-analysis
    leadership in small groups - Personality traits can be
    - Less emphasis on situations used to differentiate
    - Suggested personality traits leaders/nonleaders
    could be used to discriminate
    leaders from nonleaders Kirkpatrick & Locke (1991)
    - 6 traits make up the
    Right Stuff for leaders
    Situations
    Personality / Behaviors
    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 4
    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Leadership Traits
    Studies of Leadership Traits and Characteristics

    Lord,
    Stogdill Mann Stogdill Kirkpatrick &
    DeVader, &
    (1948) (1959) (1974) Locke
    Alliger
    (1991)
    (1986)

    Intelligence Intelligence Achievement Intelligence Drive

    Alertness Masculinity Masculinity Motivation


    Insight Adjustment Dominance Integrity
    Persistence
    Responsibility Dominance Confidence
    Insight
    Initiative Extroversion Cognitive Ability
    Initiative
    Persistence Conservatism Task Knowledge
    Self-Confidence
    Self-Confidence Responsibility
    Sociability Cooperativeness
    Tolerance
    Influence
    Sociability

    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 5


    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Major Leadership Traits


    Intelligence - Intellectual ability Integrity - The quality
    including verbal, perceptual, and
    reasoning capabilities of honesty and
    Self-Confidence - Ability to be trustworthiness
    certain about ones competencies
    and skills Sociability - Leaders
    Determination - The desire to inclination to seek out
    get the job done (i.e., initiative, pleasant social
    persistence, dominance, drive)
    relationships

    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 6


    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    How Does the


    Trait Approach
    Work?
    Focus of Trait Approach
    Strengths
    Criticisms
    Application
    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 7
    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Focus of Trait Approach


    Personality
    Leader
    Assessments
    Focuses exclusively Organizations use
    on leader personality assessments to
    What traits leaders find Right people
    exhibit Assumption - will increase
    Who has these traits organizational effectiveness
    Specify
    characteristics/traits for
    specific positions
    Personality assessment
    measures for fit

    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 8


    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Strengths
    Intuitively appealing Highlights leadership
    Perception that leaders are component in the
    different in that they leadership process
    possess special traits Deeper level understanding
    People need to view of how leader/personality
    leaders as gifted
    related to leadership process
    Credibility due to a
    Provides benchmarks for
    century of research
    what to look for in a leader
    support

    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 9


    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Criticisms
    Fails to delimit a List of most important leadership
    traits is highly subjective
    definitive list of Much subjective experience & observations
    leadership traits serve as basis for identified leadership traits

    Endless lists have Research fails to look at traits in


    emerged relationship to leadership outcomes
    Not useful for training &
    Doesnt take into development
    account situational
    effects
    Leaders in one situation
    may not be leaders in
    another situation

    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 10


    Chapter 2 -Trait Approach

    Application
    Provides direction as to which traits are good to
    have if one aspires to a leadership position
    Leadership Traits
    Through various tests and questionnaires, Intelligence
    individuals can determine whether they have the Self-Confidence
    select leadership traits and can pinpoint their Determination
    strengths and weaknesses Integrity
    Sociability
    Can be used by managers to assess where they
    stand within their organization and what is
    needed to strengthen their position

    SAGE Publications 2003 Jan Krieger 11

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