Diesel Engines

TRF 210
 History of Diesel Engines
1890 Dr Rudolf Diesel had a theory that
any fuel could be ignited by the heat
caused by high pressure
No spark plug or electric ignition system
Early Diesel engines were big and less
powerful than spark ignition engines of the
time
History of Diesel Engines cont.
1920 Robert Bosch developed a new type
of mechanical fuel-injection system
Cars, locomotives, and ocean liners
Today new smaller light weight engines for
use in small lawn and garden tractors and
other types of small equipment
 Diesel Engine Construction
Mechanically similar to spark-ignition
engines
Diesel engines parts are heaver due to
greater pressures in the cylinder during
combustion
Piston strokes occur in the same
sequence
 Difference between Diesel and
Spark-Ignition Engines
Diesel engines can be 2 or 4 stroke
engines most are 4 stroke
How the fuel is introduced into the cylinder
How the resulting air fuel mixture is ignited
 The Diesel Cycle
Intake: only air enters the cylinder (intake valve
open)
Compression: air is compressed as piston
moves up (intake and exhaust closed)
Power: diesel fuel is injected as piston nears
TDC (heat of compression ignites fuel) the
resulting explosion pushes piston down
(constant pressure combustion)
Exhaust: piston moves up and pushes burned
gasses out (intake valve closed exhaust open)
 Heat of Compression
16-1 ratio creates 500psi
Increases temperature 2 degrees per psi
All diesel engines are compression ignition
engines
All diesel engines are over head valve
engines
Pressure, temperature, and volume relationship in a cylinder.
 Diesel Fuel
Light oil that helps to lubricate engine
Must burn cleanly producing little ash
 More Diesel Stuff
Fuel Injection pump
Injection nozzles
Glow plugs
Pre-combustion chambers