STUDY DESIGN OF ORAL

HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Observational Epidemiology:
Descriptive Study
This study provides a general description of
the distribution of disease and/or factors
associated with disease in a population in
terms of person, place, and time.
As the first step in an epidemiological
investigation
Answer the question of who, where, when
Is not to prove the hypothesis
This study is undertaken by a national
centre of health statistic
 Observational Epidemiology:
Analytic Study

This study provides systematic

assessment of relationship and
hypothesis
Goes further by analysing
relationships between health status
and other variables
Answer the question of why
Types of Analytic Study

Cross
Ecology Section
al
Case
Cohort
Control
 Ecological Studies
Useful for generating hypothesis
Units of analysis are groups
Can also done by comparing populations
in different places at the same time or in
a time series by comparing the same
population in one place at different time
The data can be used from populations
with widely differing characteristics or
extracted from different data source
 Cross Sectional Studies
Measure the prevalence of disease that
made at the same time
The key question to be asked is whether the
exposure precedes or follows the effect
Relatively easy and inexpensive to conduct
and are useful for investigating exposures
Measure several exposures can be the most
convenient first step in investigating the
cause
 Referensi
Chattopadhyay A, Oral Health
Epidemiology : Principles and
Practice, 2011
Notoatmodjo S. Dasar-Dasar
Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Edisi Rev
1. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta. 2010
Beaglehole, R, R Bonita, and Tord
Kjellstrom. Basic Epidemiology
2nd.Ed. Geneva: World Health
Organization. 2006