Cell Reproduction

When
scientists
started
using a
microscope
they noticed
that in some
cells there
were
darkened
Chromosome
bodies.
sThey
showcalled
up in
athem
cell during
the process
chromosome
of
s.cell
division.
 A chromosome is supercoiled DNA
DNA coils into chromosomes to
Prepare for cell division.

centromere

chromatid
The double helix coils aroun
histone proteins, then stack
carefully and coils more unt
The chromosome forms.
When the
scientists studied
the chromosomes
in cells, they
discovered that
most were look
alike pairs. The
pairs are called
homologous
Homologous
pairs.
pairs carry
the same
genes, but
from a
Adifferent
homologue is
aparent.
word to use
when referring The above picture is called a karyoty
to either
 Humans have 23 pairs of
chromosomes. Other
organisms have different
numbers. The number of
pairsalike
Look is referred to as N ar
chromosomes
called autosomes.
Chromosomes which
determine the sex of an
organism are called sex
Individuals who are born wit
chromosomes
extra sets of chromosomes
have abnormal physical
appearances.
This persons karyotype
shows one too many of pair
21. They have Downs
syndrome.
omologous pairs
e not identical
each other.

hey carry the same

enes but from
fferent parents.
This chart shows
the number of
chromosomes that
are found in different
organisms.

ere is no correlation
tween the number
chromosomes and
e relationship
ganisms have to
e another
 Biologists
study
chromosome
patterns.
They keep records of
how many sets of
different chromosomes
there
Someare in contain
cells a cell
only 1 set of each
different chromosome.
These cells are A general term for
called haploid. all reproductive
Haploid cells are cells is gamete.
reproductive cells
such as sperm or The number of
egg. chromosomes in
a haploid cell is
1N
 Cells with 2 sets of
the different
chromosomes are
calledcells
Diploid diploid
arecells
made when 2
haploid cells
merge into one
Once a diploid cell is
cell
made, it can
reproduce itself to
make more diploid
Most cells in the body are
cells
diploid cells. They are
referred to as somatic
N = #of different
cells or body cells
When a cell has 2 types of
sets of the different chromosomes
chromosomes it is