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Lecture 5 - Foundations - Excavations
Lecture 5 - Foundations - Excavations
Excavations
ARCH 330
Fall 2008
Yes, I was a stud.
The Function of a Foundation
Foundations
Foundation Engineering- Evaluating the ability to support a
given structural load and designing the substructure or
transition member needed to support the construction.
To transfer the structural loads safely into the ground.
This means dealing with forces and soil pressures. The
need for deep excavations.
Foundations
Spread Footings
Proper compaction under the footing
Driven Piles
Types of piles
Wood
Concrete
Steel
Composite
-Pile Drivers
Drop Hammer
Mechanical- Hydraulic, diesel, steam
Vibratory
Caissons or Drilled Shafts
Cofferdams
Review Plans & Specifications
Consistency with geotechnical report
Reduce confusion during construction
Without Differing Site Conditions clause contractor
responsible
Read the report in response to what is underground.
Understand prescribed method, consistency with soils report
Site Investigations
Environmental restrictions
Site conditions at each and every location
The report has pertinent information- follow it.
Compaction testing
Understanding moisture content
Proper proctor
Geotechnical Studies
Soils Report
Buildings
Retaining Walls
Bridges
Roadways
Landslides
Forensic Investigations
Importance of Geotechnical Studies
Provide efficient foundations systems
Improve bid accuracy
Reduce change orders
Reduce long term problems
Geotechnical/Soils Reports
Recommendations
Suitability of on site soil for structural fill
Bearing capacity
Foundation type
Lateral earth pressures
Pavements
Drainage
Seismic
Steps for Geotechnical Study
Explore site conditions
Perform lab testing
Perform engineering analysis
Prepare report
Assist with plans and specifications
Construction observations
Soil Report
Borings or test pits
To lab for:
Moisture content
Gradations
Proctor test
Consolidation, direct shear, triaxial
Pile & Pile Driving
Site Investigation
Type & weight of structure
Soil properties
Depth of stratum
Variations of stratum depth
Availability of piling type
Availability of pile driver
Availability of experience in driving pile
Pile & Pile Driving
(Site Investigation cont)
Comparative placement cost
EPA & OSHA regulations
Depth of excavation for placement of
equipment ie building footing
Location of piling ie river, lake, ocean
Noise & Vibration
Adjacent structures
Pile & Pile Driving
Piling Types
Wood Pile
Precast Concrete Pile
Steel H-Pile
Steel Pipe Pile
Composite Piles
(Please review page 571-594)
Pile & Pile Driving
Pile Caps & Grade Beams
Piles are clustered then caped
Number of piles per cap are determined by the
load bearing capacity of the soil.