PILE FOUNDATIONS

Pile Capacity
The ultimate load carrying capacity of a pile is given by

Where
load carrying capacity of the pile point
frictional resistance derived from the soil-pile interface
Pile Capacity
Ultimate load bearing capacity of a pile,

Where
soil cohesion
effective vertical stress at the level of pile tip
bearing capacity factors

Point bearing capacity of a pile,

Where
area of pile tip
Pile Capacity
Frictional or skin resistance of a pile,

Where
perimeter of the pile section
incremental pile length over which and are constant
unit friction resistance at any pile depth
Point Bearing Capacity in Clay
For saturated clay,

Where
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undrained cohesion of the soil below the pile tip
Frictional Resistance in Clay

Where
empirical adhesion factor

The ultimate frictional resistance is given by

Frictional Resistance in Clay
based on the assumption that the displacement of soil caused
by pile driving results in a passive lateral pressure at any depth.

Where
effective vertical stress at mid-height of clay layer
mean undrained shear strength

The ultimate frictional resistance is given by

Frictional Resistance in Clay
takes into consideration the effect of pore water pressure when
piles are driven into saturated clay.

Where
effective vertical stress at mid-height of clay layer

for normally consolidated clay

for overconsolidated consolidated clay

The ultimate frictional resistance is given by

Point Bearing Capacity in Sand
Meyerhofs formula for estimating ,
For sand,

Such that it shouldnt exceed the limiting value (SI Units),

Where
effective soil friction angle of the bearing stratum
units in .
Frictional Resistance in Sand
Frictional resistance formula ,
Frictional Resistance in Sand
For to ,

For to ,

Where
effective earth pressure coefficient
effective vertical stress at the depth under consideration
soil-pile friction angle ranging from to
(critical depth where is used as a conservative value)