CHNG 4

TR RING. VECT RING.

CHO HA MA TRN
-----
 Chng 4

Ni dung
1. Tr ring. Vect ring.
2. Khng gian c trng.
3. Vn cho ha mt ma trn vung.
 Chng 4

1. Tr ring. Vect ring:

 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4

V d: 12/197

Bc 1: Lp phng trnh c trng

A- l I = 0
1- l 2 - 2 3- l 2 - 2
- 2 5- l - 2 = 3- l 5- l - 2
- 6 6 - 3- l 0 6 - 3- l
3- l 2 - 2
3- l 0
= 0 3- l 0 = ( 3- l )
6 - 3- l
0 6 - 3- l
2
= ( 3- l ) ( - 3- l ) = 0
 Chng 4
Bc 2: Gii pt c trng:
a) Phng trnh c trng:
2
( 3- l ) ( - 3- l ) = 0
b) Tr ring, vect ring tng ng:
Bc 3:
Tr ring: l =3
Vect ring ng vi tr ring l =3
- 2 2 - 2


- 2 2 - 2 - 2 2 - 2 - 2x + 2x - 2x = 0

- 6 6 - 6 1 2 3

T T T T
v= x

1
, x2
, x3
=

b
- a,b,a = a - 1,0,1 + b 1,1,0 " a,b R






T T
Chn a=1 v b=1 ta c 2 - 1,0,1 1,1,0
vect ring ng vi tr ring



 Chng 4

Tr ring: l =- 3
Vect ring ng vi tr ringl =- 3
4 2 - 2 4 2 - 2
d3- 3d2 4 2 - 2
0 9 - 3
d +d / 2
- 2 8 - 2
2
1
0 9 - 3
- 6 6 0 0 - 18 6






T T T
v= x

1
, x2
, x3
= a,a,3a = a 1,1,3




" a R
T
Chn a=1 ta c vect ring ng vi tr ring 1,1,3



 Chng 4

Ni dung
1. Tr ring. Vect ring.
2. Khng gian c trng.
3. Vn cho ha mt ma trn vung.
 Chng 4

2. Khng gian c trng:

 Chng 4
 Chng 4

V d: 12/197
Khng gian ring ng vi tr ring l =3
{ }
E ( 3) = v R | Av = 3v = v R | a
3

-{1,0,1 + b 1,1,0


3



T T
}
{
= v R 3 | av1T + bv2T }
Cc vec t v1 v v2 c lp tuyn tnh vi nhau, to thnh mt c
s ca khng gian ring E(3). Do s chiu ca E(3) bng 2
hay dim(E(3))=2.
 Chng 4

Khng gian ring ng vi tr ring l =- 3

{ }
E ( - 3) = v R | Av = - 3v = v R | a
3
1

{
,1,3


3
T
}
{
= v R 3 | av3T }
Cc vec t v3 c lp tuyn tnh vi nhau, to thnh mt c s
ca khng gian ring E(-3). Do s chiu ca E(-3) bng 1 hay
dim(E(-3))=1.

C th thy rng cc vect v1, v2, v3 c lp tuyn tnh vi nhau.

V vy b ba vect ring ca A to nn mt c s ca KGVT R3.

 Chng 4

Ni dung
1. Tr ring. Vect ring.
2. Khng gian c trng.
3. Vn cho ha mt ma trn vung.
 Chng 4

3. Vn cho ha mt ma trn vung:

 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4
 Chng 4

V d: 12/197
Cc khng gian c trng:

{
E ( 3) = v R 3 | av1T + bv2T }
c:
dimE ( 3) = 2
v

{
E ( - 3) = v R 3 | av3T }
c:
dimE ( - 3) = 1

Theo nh l 7: dimE ( 3) + dimE ( - 3) = 3

suy ra ma trn A cho ha c.
 Chng 4

Cho ha ma trn A:
V A cho ha c, tc l A ng dng vi mt ma trn cho D, nn
tn ti ma trn P kh nghch, sao cho

P- 1AP = D
trong : - 1 1 1

P=
v , v , v = 0 1 1

1 2 3
1 0 3



3 0 0

D = diag
l , l , l = 0 3 0
1 1 2
0 0 - 3



 Chng 4

Tnh Ak:

( )
P- 1AP P- 1APK P- 1AP = Dk
1444444444442444444444443
k
VT = P- 1A PP
{
- 1
A PP
{
- 1
K PP
{
- 1
AP = P- 1 k
AP
I I I
(
VP = diag l 1k, l 2k,K , l m
k
)
(
Ak = PDkP- 1 = Pdiag l 1k, l 2k,K , l m
k
)
P- 1
 cng n tp thi cui hc k mn
i S C
Ni dung: Gm 3 chng
Chng 2: nh thc v h phng trnh STT
Hng ma trn
H phng trnh thun nht: Tm nghim tng qut, nghim c s.
Chng 3: Khng gian vect
T hp tuyn tnh. c lp tuyn tnh, ph thuc tuyn tnh.
Khng gian con, c s, s chiu ca khng gian con sinh bi mt
h cc vect.
Ta vect trong c s. Ma trn chuyn c s. H thc lin h
ta vect gia hai c s.
Chng 4: Tr ring. Vect ring. Vn cho ha ma trn
Tr ring. Vect ring. Khng gian c trng.
S cho ha ma trn. Tm ma trn cho trong trng hp cho ha
c.
 Hnh thc thi:
T lun.
Thi phn bi tp. Cn nm l thuyt gii bi tp.