Chem istry:

The M ole Concept

LUISA CARCAMO
PERIOD 6TH
The History of Chemical
Equivalency
Theory that existed before the mole concept about chemical
equivalency: specific amounts of various substances could react in a
similar manner, and to the same extent with another substance
The old equivalent didnt include the electric charge of the substance.
The old equivalent and the mole are not the same yet they both
indicate that different masses of two substances can react with the
same amount of another substance.
William Wollaston found that using elements , one equivalent of an
element corresponded to its atomic mass. Expressed in grams this is
identical to a mole.
W hat is a m ole?

a fundamental unit in the Systme International d'Units, the SI system

the amount of a substance of a system which contains as

manyelementary entitiesas there are atoms in 0.012kilogramof
carbon-12

When used, entities must be specified as atoms, molecules, ions,

electrons and particles.

used to measure the amount of substance and often referred to as

thechemical amount
A Mole in Particles
1 mole= 6.02214199 x 1023 particles
Formula to find how many particles are in X moles:

You cant count the exact number of particles there are in a mole
for these reasons: 1) Particles are hidden to the human eye and
microscopic vision 2) the sample needs to be purified to remove every
atom of carbon-13 and carbon-14 to remain at carbon- 12 3) a balance
needs to be constructed in order to figure out if the sample contain one
atom over or under 12 grams as 12 grams of carbon-12 is the mass of
the particles in a mole
A Mole in Mass

Chemical samples contain uncountable numbers of atoms and

molecules, therefore, we use the substances molar mass to determine
the cgemical amount.
Formula to find how much molar mass of a substance is in a mole & how
many moles are in a substances molar mass:
A Mole in Volume
Standard volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP: 22.4 liters
Avogadro's Hypothesis

Avogadro's Law: Equal volumes of gases at the same

temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules
regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties the
ratio of the masses of the gas samples must also be that of their
particle masses

Formula:

Aogadros Number: