FEEDBACK

AMPLIFIER
 Outline
Feedback
Types
Advantages / disadvantages
Effect on gain, noise and bandwidth
Topologies

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

Feedback Amplifier
Feedback is a technique where a
proportion of the output of a system
(amplifier) is fed back and recombined
with input

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

Types
FEEDBACK

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

Positive Feedback
Positive feedback is the process when the
output is added to the input, amplified
again, and this process continues.

Positive feedback is used in the design of

oscillator and other application.
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
Negative Feedback
Negative feedback is when the output is
subtracted from the input.

The use of negative feedback reduces the

gain. Part of the output signal is taken back to
the input with a negative sign.
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
Advantages of Negative
Feedback
1. Gain Sensitivity variations in gain is
reduced.
2. Bandwidth Extension larger than that
of basic amplified.
3. Noise Sensitivity may increase S-N

ratio.
4. Reduction of Nonlinear Distortion

5. Control of Impedance Levels input and

output impedances can be increased or
decreased.
FEEDBACK
25-Jan-15
AMPLIFIER
Disadvantages of Negative
Feedback
1. Circuit Gain overall amplifier gain is
reduced compared to that of basic
amplifier.
2. Stability possibility that feedback
circuit will become unstable and
oscillate at high frequencies.

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

Basic Feedback Concept

Basic configuration of a feedback amplifier

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
 We mainly use -ve feedback so aage ka
saara negative k lea btaya gya hai

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

Basic Feedback Concept
The output signalS ois: AS
where A is the amplification factor
Feedback signal is S fb S o
where is the feedback transfer function
At summing node: S Si S fb
Closed-loop transfer function or gain is
So A
Af
Si 1 A
A 1
if A 1 then A f
A
 The Four Basic Feedback
Topologies
Voltage amplifier---series-shunt feedback
voltage mixing and voltage sampling
Current amplifier---shunt-series feedback

Current mixing and current sampling

Transconductance amplifier---series-series

feedback
Voltage mixing and current sampling
Transresistance amplifier---shunt-shunt

feedback
Current mixing and voltage sampling
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
 The Series-Shunt Feedback
Topologies

Voltage-series feedback

voltage-mixing voltage-sampling (seriesshunt)

topology
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
The Shunt-Series Feedback
Topologies

Current-shunt feedback
current-mixing current-sampling (shunt
series) topology
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
The Series-Series Feedback
Topologies

Current-series feedbac
voltage-mixing current-sampling (series
series) topology
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
The Shunt-Shunt Feedback
Topologies

Voltage-shunt feedback
current-mixing voltage-sampling (shunt
shunt) topology
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
CONTINUED
Series feedback connections tend to
increase the input resistance
Shunt feedback connections tend to
decrease the input resistance.
Voltage feedback tends to decrease the
output impedance
Current feedback tends to increase the
output impedance.
Typically, higher input and lower output
impedances are desired for most
cascade amplifiers.
Gain with Feedback
The gain without feedback, A, is that of
the amplifier stage. With feedback, the
overall gain of the circuit is reduced by a
factor (1+A)

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

VOLTAGE-SERIES FEEDBACK
If there is no feedback (Vf = 0), the
voltage gain of the amplifier stage is:

V V
Vi
s o

Vf

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

VOLTAGE-SERIES FEEDBACK

If a feedback signal, Vf, is connected in series

with the input, then: Vi = Vs - Vf
Since, Vo= AVi = A(Vs - Vf) = AVs - AVf = AVs -
A(Vo)
Then, (1+ A)Vo = AVs
so that the overall voltage gain with feedback is

The gain with feedback is

the amplifier gain reduced
by the factor (1+ A).
VOLTAGE-SHUNT FEEDBACK

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

Reduction in Frequency
Distortion
For a negative-feedback amplifier having
A >>1, the gain with feedback is
Af1/.
The gain with feedback is not dependent
on frequency.
Practically, the frequency distortion
arising because of varying amplifier gain
with frequency is considerably reduced
in a negative-voltage feedback amplifier
circuit.
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
Reduction in Noise and
Nonlinear Distortion
Signal feedback tends to hold down the
amount of noise signal (such as power-
supply hum) and nonlinear distortion.
The factor (1+ A) reduces both input
noise and resulting nonlinear distortion
for considerable improvement.

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

 Effect of Negative Feedback
on Gain
The overall gain with negative feedback is
shown to be:

As long as A >> 1, the overall gain is

approx. 1/.
Once the open-loop gain A drops low
enough and the factor A is no longer much
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15
Effect of Negative Feedback on
Bandwidth
The amplifier with negative feedback has more
bandwidth (Bf) than the amplifier without
feedback (B).
The feedback amplifier has a higher upper 3-dB
frequency and smaller lower 3-dB frequency.

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15

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FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 25-Jan-15