VascularTissueXylemand

Phloem
 GroundTissue
-forms the bulk of the plant.

-thin-walled and -have thicker -are hollow,

capable of walls for flexible nonliving
photosynthesis support (celery support cells
when they strands). with secondary
contain walls.
chloroplasts.
 Plant Ground Tissues
Thin cell wall Thick cell wall
Uneven cell wall
Storage & Strength and
Flexible support support
photosynthesis

PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA

TwoKindsofPlantVascularTissue
Xylem - Carries H2O, dissolved nutrients. - VesselElements- pitted
- Upward movement. cell wall. Water pipeline
- Dead at maturity. - Tracheids - pitted

Phloem - Carries products of photosynthsis.-Sieve tube - perforated

- Up and downward movement.
- Alive at maturity end walls
- transport sugar
- Companion Cells- swirl
cytoplasm to push sugar
Sieve-tube up or down
Companion
cells

Vessels Tracheid
 VascularTissue
Twotypesofvascular(transport)tissue:
Xylemtransportswaterandmineralsfrom
rootstoleavesandcontainstwotypesof
conductingcells:tracheidsandvessel
elements.
Phloemtransportsorganicnutrientsfrom
leavestorootsandhassievetubeelements
withcompanioncells,sieveplates.
 Xylemstructure
Leaves

Xylem transports
water and
minerals from

Water
roots to leaves
Contains two
types of
conducting cells:
tracheids and
vessel elements. Roots
Tracheids lie along side other tracheids, over-lapping
extensively, so that water can flow out of the pits of one cell
into an adjacent cell. This allows long range transfer of
water and solutes, although (since the cells are dead) the flow
has to be passive, pulled by an external force.

Water Flow (passive flow)

The driving force for this flow is hydrostatic pressure, coming

partly from root pressure (pushing up wards) but mainly from
the suction pressure created by water being evaporated from
leaves. Passive water flow in plants is upwards.
Softwoods (conifers)
tracheids only Hardwoods note the
larger bore of the vessel
elements
 In Angiosperms - Vessel elements, idealised

Vessel element, here with a open end (simple perforation plate).

A perforated
(scalariform)
perforation plate

Tracheids
 Phloemstructure
Leaves

Transports

Organic nutrients
organic nutrients
from leaves to
roots
Has sieve-tube
elements with
companion cells
cells at sieve
plates.
Roots