Bluebook 101:

Short Citation Forms

(id., supra, hereinafter)

R. 4 (and others)
Gallagher Law Library, May
2011
 Purpose of Citation
Citations enable your reader

to find the sources you cite

to evaluate your argument

based (in part) on what you
cite Gallagher Law Library, May 2011
http://lib.law.washington.edu
Short forms help readers by
streamlining footnotes

while

preserving the ability to find

and assess cited material
Gallagher Law Library, May 2011
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 Compare
12.
Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis
Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479 (W.D. Wash.
1988) (Zilly, J.).
13.
Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis
Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479, 480 (W.D.
Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.).
14.
Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis
Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479, 480 (W.D.
Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.).
15.
Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis
Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479, 481 (W.D.
Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.).
16.
Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis
Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479, 481 (W.D.
Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.).
Gallagher Law Library, May 2011
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 with
12.
Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis
Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479 (W.D. Wash.
1988) (Zilly, J.).
13.
Id. at 480.
14.
Id.
15.
Id. at 481.
16.
Id.

Gallagher Law Library, May 2011

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 Id.
short for idem (Latin for same)

used when citing the very same thing

you cited just before

can be different page or section or

even volume

Gallagher Law Library, May 2011

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 Examples
25.
United States v. Am. Library Assn,
539 U.S. 194 (2003)
26.
Id.
27.
Id. at 203.
28.
See 3 J. PETTIGREW SCHOLAR, BIG
TREATISE ON LAW 14.6 (2006).
29.
See id. at 15.7.
30.
4 id. at 23.1 (2005).
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 Id. used within a footnote
60.
See, e.g., Dan Jerker B. Svantesson, Geo-
Location Technologies and Other Means of
Placing Borders on the Borderless'
Internet, 23 J. MARSHALL J. COMPUTER & INFO. L.
101, 137 (2004) (arguing that geo-
location technologies may...eliminate the
regulatory difficulties associated with the
Internet's borderlessness); see also id.
at 109-14 (describing filtering technologies
available for website operators and
accuracy rates).
120 Harv. L. Rev. 1031,Gallagher
1041 (2007)
Law Library, May 2011
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 Whats wrong with this?
54.
See, e.g., This Guy v. That Guy, 390
F.3d 123 (9th Cir. 2007); Whosis v.
Whatchamacallit, 330 F.3d 321 (6th
Cir. 2005).
55.
Id.

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 Supra and hereinafter
OK to use for: Generally not OK to use
for:
books cases
articles statutes
reports constitutions
nonprint sources restatements
legislative hearings
internal cross-refs

Gallagher Law Library, May 2011

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 Font
Use the same font as if citing
the whole work e.g.,
large and small caps for book
authors
ordinary roman for author of
law review article

Gallagher Law Library, May 2011

http://lib.law.washington.edu
 Examples
107.
JANE K. WINN & BENJAMIN WRIGHT, THE
LAW OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 3.3 (4th
ed. 2007).
108.
This Company v. That Company,
200 P.3d 789 (Cal. 2005).
109.
See WINN & WRIGHT, supra note 107.
110.
See also Svantesson, supra note
60, at 120.
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 Use Hereinafter
if supra form would be
cumbersome

if supra form would be

ambiguous

Gallagher Law Library, May 2011

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 Examples
84.
See U.S. GEN. ACCOUNTING OFFICE,
CHARITABLE CHOICE: FEDERAL GUIDANCE ON
STATUTORY PROVISIONS COULD IMPROVE
CONSISTENCY OF IMPLEMENTATION 22-23
(2002) [hereinafter GAO, CHARITABLE
CHOICE]. Other stuff, another source.
85.
See GAO, CHARITABLE CHOICE, supra
note 84, at 22-23.
116 Harv. L. Rev. 1353, 1377 (2003)
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 Word Tips for Cross-
References
Legal Andrew,
Harness the Power of Word Cross-Re
ferences for Mammoth Documents

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 Gallagher Law Library
University of Washington School of Law
Box 353025
Seattle WA 98195-3025
http://lib.law.washington.edu

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