Cerebral herniation is caused by increased intracranial pressure from factors like brain edema, hemorrhage, stroke, or tumor, which can cause brain tissue to be displaced through openings in the skull. There are four main types of brain herniation: subfalcine, central/downward transtentorial, temporal transtentorial/uncal, and cerebellar tonsillar. Treatment aims to reduce intracranial pressure through elevating the head, administering osmotic therapies, and surgery if needed to prevent further herniation and complications.
Cerebral herniation is caused by increased intracranial pressure from factors like brain edema, hemorrhage, stroke, or tumor, which can cause brain tissue to be displaced through openings in the skull. There are four main types of brain herniation: subfalcine, central/downward transtentorial, temporal transtentorial/uncal, and cerebellar tonsillar. Treatment aims to reduce intracranial pressure through elevating the head, administering osmotic therapies, and surgery if needed to prevent further herniation and complications.
Cerebral herniation is caused by increased intracranial pressure from factors like brain edema, hemorrhage, stroke, or tumor, which can cause brain tissue to be displaced through openings in the skull. There are four main types of brain herniation: subfalcine, central/downward transtentorial, temporal transtentorial/uncal, and cerebellar tonsillar. Treatment aims to reduce intracranial pressure through elevating the head, administering osmotic therapies, and surgery if needed to prevent further herniation and complications.
PERIODE 09 MEI 1 1 JUNI 2016 FK UKI Cerebral Herniation Syndrome Cerebral herniation is caused by a number of factors that cause a mass effect within the skull and increase the intracranial pressure including: Cerebral edema Hematoma Stroke Tumor Infection Cerebral Herniation Syndrome Sindrom Herniasi Otak There are four main types of brain herniation syndromes: Subfalcine Central or downward transtentorial Temporal transtentorial or uncal Cerebellar tonsillar Herniasi Subfalcine (cingulate) Jenis yang paling umum Yaitu bagian terdalam dari lobus frontalis turun dan mendorong gyrus cinguli sehingga mengalami herniasi ke falx cerebri Etiologi: lesi supratentorial lateral Gambaran Klinis: Asimptomatis, lakukan observasi baik secara patologis atau radiologis Herniasi Uncal Uncus lobus temporalis herniasi turun melalui foramen transtentorial Etiologi: lesi supratentorial lateral (hematoma post trauma yang meluas cepat) Gambaran klinis: RCL & RCTL , kelumpuhan gerak bola mata, kernohans notch, penurunan kesadaran Herniasi Central (axial) Berpindahnya diencephalon dan mesencephalon melalui foramen trantentorial Etiologi: lesi supratentorial midline, pembengkakan cerebral difus, herniasi uncal tahap lanjut Herniasi Central (axial) Gambaran klinis: penurunan tingkat kesadaran, gangguan pergerakan bola mata sunset eyes, durets Central Herniation Central Herniation Central Herniation Early diencephalic stage (reversible) Decreasing level of consciousness with difficulty concentating, agitation and drowsiness Pupils are small (1-3 mm) but reactive Oculocephalic reflexes are intact (Dolls eyes) Plantar responses are flexor Respirations contain deep sighs, yawns and occasional pauses then progress to Cheyne- stokes Central Herniation Late diencephalic stage Patient becomes more difficult to arouse Localizing motor responses to pain disappear and decorticate posturing appears with eventual progression to decerebrate posturing Herniasi Tonsil (Coning) Tonsil cerebelli herniasi melalui foramen magnum (herniasi foramen magnum) Etiologi: lesi infratentorial atau terjadi setelah adanya herniasi central Gambaran klinis: kompresi pusat cvs dan respirasi di medulla oblongata Dapat diakibatkan oleh LP pada pasien dengan SOL (umumnya di fossa post basis cranii) Treatment of Cerebral Herniation Mengobati penyebab yang mendasari peningkatan tekanan intrakranial yang menyebabkan herniasi otak Penatalaksanaan Awal Tujuan: menjaga TIK <20mmhg, CPP>60- 70mmhg Elevasi kepala Intubasi Terapi osmotik (mannitol, Lasix, hipertonik saline) untuk menarik cairan dari jaringan otak Mencegah hipotensi dengan cairan normal saline 0,9% Foley cateter BS : craniectomy, ventriculostomy Summary Herniasi otak adalah pergeseran dari jaringan normal melewati falx cerebri / melewati tentorial. Terjadi karena peningkatan TIK pada salah 1 kompartemen otak pergeseran dari jaringan otak menuju area yang lebih rendah tekanan intrakranialnya. Dx ditegakkan : anamnesis, pf, px penunjang. Penatalaksanaan bertujuan untuk memperbaiki KU dan komplikasi yang timbul berdasarkan dari seberapa luas herniasi REFERENSI 1. Prince, Wilson . 2006. Patofisiologi Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit. EGC. Jakarta 2. Anonim. Apa Herniasi Otak? Available from : http.translate.google.co.id.translatehl=id&langpair=enid&u=http.www.wiswgeek.com.what-is-brain- herniation.htm 3. Lambona R, Nara. Edema Serebri. Laboratorium Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin/RSU Ujung Pandang. Available from : http.www.kalbe.co.idfilescdkfiles12_EdemaSerebri.pdf12_EdemaSerebri.html 4. Jabbari,B,dkk. Herniasi Otak.1999. Department of Neurology Uniformed Services University MD Bethesda. Available from : http.translate.google.co.idtranslatehl=id&langpair=enid&u=httprad.usuhs.milradherniationherniation.html 5. Barr,RM, Le,Gean.2007. "trauma kraniofasial" . in Brant WE, Helms CA. Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology . di WE, Helms CA Brant. Dasar-dasar Radiologi Diagnostik., Williams & Wilkins. Available from : http://book.google.com/?id=Sossht2t5XwC&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=extra-axial+intra-axial 6. Gruen P. 2002. "Surgical management of head trauma". Neuroimaging clinics of North America (2): 33943 7. Nkwuo N, N Schamban, Borenstein M. Dipilih oncologic darurat. Dalam Darurat Kedokteran Rosen: Konsep dan Praktik Klinis. 6th. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2006:chap 121 8. Orlando Kesehatan Daerah, Pendidikan dan Pengembangan. 2004. "Sekilas Cedera Otak Dewasa Trauma." . Available from : http.translate.google.co.idtranslatehl=id&langpair=enid&u=httpen.wikipedia.orgwikiBrain_herniation.htm 9. www.peacehealth.org