DAM 21102

ENGINEERING MATERIAL
SELECTION
CHAPTER 3 :
MATERIALS ENGINEERING
&
THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

En. Muhammad Hanafi Bin

Asril Rajo Mantari
1
CONTENTS
Introduction
Classification of
engineering materials
Definitions of materials
behaviours.

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INTRODUCTION
Good value for money

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CLASSIFICATION OF
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Metals

Polymers Ceramics

Composites

Elastomer Glasses

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METAL
Relatively high moduli (Youngs modulus,
shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poissons ratio)
Can be strengthen via alloying & treatment
(heat & mechanical) but still ductile enough
to be deformed
Prey to fatigue
Relatively least resistant to corrosion
Iron, Copper, Aluminum, Zinc, Nickel,
Titanium, Silver, Gold, etc. and their alloys
Steel, Brass, Bronze, etc.
Mostly recyclable

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 CERAMICS AND
GLASSES
I. High moduli but brittle
II. Low tolerence for stress concentrations
(eg. holes or cracks) or high contact
stresses (eg. clamping point)
III. Stiff, hard and abrasion-resistant
IV. Retain strength to high temperatures
V. Corrosion resistant.
VI.Porcelain, Glass, Silicon Carbide, Boron
Nitride, Aluminum Oxide, etc.

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POLYMERS AND
ELASTOMERS
i. Low moduli (50 times less than metals)
but can be strong as metals
ii. Large elastic deflections
iii. Creep at room temperature
iv. Easy to shape (simple complex shapes)
v. Corrosion resistant
vi. Low coefficients of friction
vii.Polyethylene, PVC, Teflon, Nylon,
Plexiglas, Bakelite, Epoxy, Polyesters,
Melamine, Neoprene, Silicone,
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i. Combine attractive properties of other
COMPOSITES
classes of materials while avoiding some
drawbacks
ii. Light, stiff, strong and tough
iii. Presently polymer matrix (epoxy or
polyester) with fiber reinforcements (glass,
carbon or Kevlar)
iv. Application temperature limit of 250C due
to softening of the matrix (polymers)
v. Relatively expensive and difficult to form
and join
vi. Use when added performance justifies the
added cost.
vii.MMC, CMC, PMC

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 Class Property Symbol Units
General Cost Cm $/kg
Density kg/m3

Mechanical Elastic moduli (Youngs, shear, bulk) E, G, K GPa

Design- Strength (yield, ultimate, fracture)

Toughness
f MPa
kJ/m2
Gc
limiting Fracture toughness
Damping capacity
KIc
MPa.m
-
material Fatigue endurance limit
e
MPa

properties Thermal Thermal conductivity

Thermal diffusivity
W/mK
m2/s
and Specific heat
Melting point
A J/kg.K
K
Cp
correspon Glass temperature
Thermal expansion coefficient
Tm K
K-1
d SI units Thermal shock resistance
Tg

K
Creep resistence -
T
Wear Archard wear constant - MPa-1

Corrosion/ Corrosion rate kA mm/year

oxidation Parabolic rate constant m2/s
K
kp

Materials Selection Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015 9

......FINISH ......
THank you

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