The Brain and Nervous

System
 The neuron
Parts
Cell body

Nucleus

Axon
Myelin sheath

Diseases - MS

Dendrite
Synapse (synaptic gap)
 Neurons
How they fire
All or none
Action potential - electrical impulse
3 Stages
Resting potential
Depolarization
Positively charged ions rush into axon
Refractory period
Neuron pumps positively charged ions back
outside
Cant fire
 Neurons
Types
Sensory

Motor

Interneuron
 What happens at the synapse

Neurotransmitters released
Lock and key with receiving
dendrite's receptor sites
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C
4Gt322-XxI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
TKG0MtH5crc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=SdUUP2pMmQ4
 Acetylecholine
Role
Muscle movement
Botox - botulism poison
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=X5vorxfD4zs
Curare -paralysis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=w6o5mXE2aQA
 Neurotransmitters
Acetylecholine
Botox - botulism poison
Norepinephrine- alertness, arousal
Dopamine
Effects
Psychosis
Movement
Learning, attention
Emotion
Schizophrenia
Parkinsons
Serotonin
Effects
Depression
Hunger
Sleep
Arousal

Endorphins - bind at opiate receptors

 Overview of how neuron/synapse works
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4M82
WwFACLg

How dopamine rules our lives Podcast1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Scy3
5jm5Hw
Podcast -2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6Izo
W9hB9s
 Sympathetic NS
Adrenal glands
secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
heart beat fast
digestion slows
liver - glucose releasedblood sugar up
dilates arteries
sweat
pupils dilate
bladder relaxes
Ejaculation
 Overview of Brain
Functioning
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9
UukcdU258A
 Brain
Brain stem
Reticular formation arousal
Medulla - where spinal cord ends
Breathing

Heartbeat

Thalamus - on top of brain stem

Sensory switchboard

Cerebellum - coordination, balance

Limbic System
Hippocampus - Memory
Amygdala Aggression, Eating
Hypothalamus
The pleasure center, rewards
Olds and Milner
Cerebral Cortex - 80% of brain
 Olds and Milner
The Mind

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=de
_b7k9kQp0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=7HbAFYiejvo
 Damage to Hippocampus
HM

Clive Wearing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Lu9UY8Zqg-
Q&list=PL09971AA023D2DB5E
 Cerebral Cortex
80% of brain weight -integrate
information
Two hemispheres
Right - perceptual tasks, recognize pictures
Left - language
speech
recognize words
Deaf people use for signs
 Aggression, violence and
the brain
Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Frontal Lobe
Researcher Delgado
Real criminal case

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=svP7-L2Zu3M
 Corpus Callosum
Split brain research
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=MZnyQewsB_Y&list=PL2B16A394740
25838

Joe:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ZMLzP1VCANo
 Brain Surgeries
Girl with hemispherectomy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2MKNsI5CWoU
Lobotomy - PBS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=_0aNILW6ILk
 Brain Tests
EEG
CT Scan
MRI
PET Scan
 Lefties
Not always same in identical twins
process speech right hemisphere
process speech in both hemispheres
Higher prevalence of
LD, allergies, migraines, artists, athletes,
mathematicians
Larger corpus callosum
 Endocrine System
Secrete hormones (chemical messengers)
Travel through the blood stream
Act on the brain
Can act like neurotransmitters to activate
receptors
Slower than neurotransmitters, but last
longer
Effect growth, reproduction,
metabolism, mood
 Some important glands
Adrenal glands
Pituitary glands
Sex glands