MYOCARDIAL

INFARCTON
 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Myocardial infarction (MI) or
acute myocardial infarction
(AMI), commonly known as a
HEART ATTACK, occurs when
blood flow stops to part of the
heart causing damage to the
heart muscle.
DEFINITION
A myocardial infarction occurs when an
atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the
inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly
ruptures, causing catastrophic thrombus
formation, totally occluding the artery and
preventing blood flow downstream.
ETIOLOGY
Reduced blood flow in coronary artery
ETIOLOGY
Vasospasm
ETIOLOGY

Decreased oxygen supply

Increased demand for oxygen
ETIOLOGY
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque
ETIOLOGY
Occlusion of artery by thrombus
RISK FACTORS
SMOKING
RISK FACTORS
OBESITY
RISK FACTORS
HIGH CHOLESTEROL LEVELS
RISK FACTORS
Inactivity
Unhealthy Diet
RISK FACTORS
Diseases:-High blood pressure, Diabetes.
Family history
Ethnic group
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Severe chest pain
shortness of breath, nausea and anxiety
tachycardia and tachypnea
pain may also radiate up into jaw, neck,
shoulder and arms
Syncope, diaphoresis
The pain can sometimes feel like
indigestion or heartburn and may be
accompanied by cool, pale, and moist skin
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
shortness of breath, nausea and anxiety

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
tachycardia and tachypnea

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
pain may also radiate up into jaw, neck,
shoulder and arms

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Syncope, diaphoresis
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Nausea & Vomiting
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Diaphoresis
DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
History & physical examination
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Blood test (Cardiac enzymes)
Echocardiogram
Nuclear scan
Chest radiographs
Coronary angiography
Exercise stress test
Cardiac computerized tomography (CT) or
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Goal
Minimize myocardial damage,
preserve myocardial and prevent
complications such as lethal
dysrhythmias and cardiogenic shock
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Pharmacologic Therapy :-
Analgesics: Morphine
Angiotensin converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
beta-blocker
Calcium channel blocker,
Diuretics, Thrombolytics
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

CABG
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

PCI
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

Coronary Stenting
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

Atherectomy
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

CABG