JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

PSSA SAFETY TRAINING 2015

PRESENTED BY SUE MAAS, CHMM
ARGUS PACIFIC, INC.
WWW.ARGUSPACIFIC.COM
SUEMAAS@ARGUSPACIFIC.COM
 WHAT IS A JSA?
(a.k.a. Job Hazard Analysis or Job
Risk Analysis)
A Safety version of the 7 Ps: Prior Proper
Planning Prevents Piss Poor Performance!
Pre-examining & pre-planning a job acitivity in
order to do it safely
Communication of JSA to/motivation of crew
to use process
Flexible process for simple to complex jobs
Important to get management commitment
 OSHA JHA (a.k.a. JSA) DEFINITION

A job hazard analysis is a technique that

focuses on job tasks as a way to identify
hazards before they occur
It focuses on the relationship between the
worker, the task, the tools and the work
environment
Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled
hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or
reduce them to an acceptable risk level

Not same thing as an SOP

JSAs are useful for ANY activity 24/7,
such as having a safe & successful
fishing adventure
JSA MAIN PARTS

Define job: Understand tasks/steps of job &

conditions at time of job
Identify/evaluate hazards of each task
Determine controls for each task hazard:
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Work practices
PPE
LEVELS OF JSA

INFORMAL (mental or conversational; not

documented)
Lower risk/more simple & routine activities
FORMAL (documented)
Higher risk/more complex activities
INFORMAL JSA
For frequent & lower risk/simple tasks
Worker(s) think/talk things through; not usually written
procedures
Similar to Tool box talks/tailgate safety meetings
Job requires typically only 1-2 workers
The worker(s) doing the job perform the JSA
No approvals needed; supervisor not necessary
Worker(s) mentally/verbally outline task & estimate risk
When: just before job is done
Where: near/at location of job
Record-keeping not required
FORMAL JSA
More complex job with multiple & detailed tasks
Higher risk tasks
May be larger crew; all should have input
Documented; records kept
Supervisor oversees JSA development; approval
required
More formalized risk assessment/ranking process
Conducted in advance to allow planning/creation of
form
May be repeated just before job is carried out
 FORMAL OR INFORMAL JSA?
Hand-carrying boxes of stores through *INFORMAL
passageways/ladderways
Painting or chipping in open air *INFORMAL
Routine housekeeping- mopping deck *INFORMAL
Chipping paint in an enclosed or confined space FORMAL
Fueling operations FORMAL
Changing air conditioner filter *INFORMAL
Welding guardrail onto moored barge in icy conditions FORMAL
Welding in enclosed or confined space FORMAL

*Workers should have option of formal JSA if higher risks assessed or risks are
uncertain
IF INFORMAL JSA IS ENOUGH
What are the tasks?
Understood by all
Workers have necessary
experience/comfortable w/ job
What are possible hazards?
Work area conditions, lighting, location, weather,
etc
Equipment/tools to be used/condition of
People nearby affected
360: look up, down, around
Everyone gives input
IF INFORMAL JSA IS ENOUGH (Contd)

Who will do what?

What equipment will be used/hazard controls?
Tools/equipment

PPE

Exposure monitoring if needed

Barricades/barriers

Communication
 SO, YOU NEED A FORMAL JSA
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?
1. WHAT IS THE JOB (WHAT ARE TASKS)?
What specific steps/tasks make up the job?
What are the risks of each task (qualitative judgement)?
Who will perform the tasks?
Does everyone understand tasks? Need any training?
When will each task be done (time of day, weather
/environmental limitations, etc)?
What kind of tools and equipment will be needed?
What kind of communication (radios, etc) will be
needed?
FORMAL JSA:
2. WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS FOR EACH TASK?
Types of hazards:
Cuts
Exposures (chemicals, gases,
noise, UV, radiation, etc) Sprains/strains
Biological
Slips, trips, falls
Environmental (heat and cold,
Electrical
visibility)
Struck-by/caught-between Other jobs/activities nearby that
Heavy equipment affect workers/tasks
What are the risks of each
task?
Rank the risks
Do any tasks need their own
JSA??
SAMPLE TASKS & HAZARDS
RANKING RISKS OF EACH HAZARD
2. Evaluate each hazards risk
Qualitative judgement, for example:
Severe

High

Moderate

Low

Re-assess rankings after controls selected

FORMAL JSA
3. HOW WILL THE HAZARDS BE CONTROLLED?
Engineering controls: focus on managing hazard at the
source:
Can it be eliminated?
Isolate

Contain

Ventilate

Is equipment available & in good condition?

Does everyone know how to use equipment?
Does the engineering control present its own hazards?
IMPORTANT: double-check each controls effectiveness
after implementation JSA is on-going
 FORMAL JSA
3. HOW WILL THE HAZARDS BE CONTROLLED?
(Contd)
Administrative controls: focus on managing
people
Policies & procedures
Training
Scheduling
Work zones
Communication system
Do you have enough people?
Do they all understand the work and any hazards?
Is everyone ready to do job (physically & mentally)?
 FORMAL JSA
3. HOW WILL THE HAZARDS BE CONTROLLED?
(Contd)
Workpractices: tools and techniques to deal with
hazard
What tools are needed?
What hazards are created by tools/activity?
Are there alternative methods/tools that are safer?
 FORMAL JSA
3. HOW WILL THE HAZARDS BE CONTROLLED?
(Contd)
PPE:
personal protective equipment to protect
against exposure to hazard:
Head

Eyes

Hearing

Respiratory

Hands

Feet

Body
FORMAL JSA
Once controls are implemented, does
everything work the way it should?
Do the controls reduce the risk to the
acceptable level (ranking)?
Does this job REALLY need to be done?
Have workers/supervisors involved sign their part
of form
JSA documentation supports development of
SOPs
JSA FOR HOT WORK WITH LEAD PAINT

Tasks/steps
Hazards
Controls
JSA FOR HOT WORK WITH LEAD PAINT

Tasks/steps
Hazards
Controls
JSA FOR HOT WORK WITH LEAD PAINT

Tasks/steps
Hazards
Controls
CLOSING THOUGHTS ABOUT JSAs
JSA practice is more effective if:
Management is supportive, communicates
commitment to JSA process consistently!
All affected workers are involved in the process:
the whole is greater than sum of parts
each worker has a unique perspective to contribute to
JSAs being as complete as possible
Keeps workers engaged- directly impacts their safety
Process should be balanced between covering
enough detail without being burdensome
MORE RESOURCES
OSHA JHA Publication:
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.pdf
OSHA JHA Detailed form:
https://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/fy10/sh-21009-
10/Detailed_Project_Hazard_Form.pdf
OSHA Shipyard Employment eTool
https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/shipyard/standard/health_hazards.html
WA Labor & Industries JHA info:
http://www.lni.wa.gov/safety/topics/atoz/jha/
ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) Job Safety Analysis For The Marine and
Offshore Industries
http://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-
guides/current/other/198_jobsafetyanalysis/jsa_gn_e.pdf