Short Circuit

Closed Circuit
In applications requiring current, the components are arranged in
the form of a circuit.
A circuit can be defined as a path for current flow. The purpose of
this circuit is to light the incandescent bulb. The bulb lights when the
tungsten-fi lament wire inside is white hot, producing an
incandescent glow.
The tungsten filament cannot produce current by itself.
A source of potential difference is necessary. Since the battery
produces a potential difference of 1.5 V across its two output
terminals, this voltage is connected across the filament of the
bulb by the two wires so that the applied voltage can produce
current through the filament.
 There must be a source of potential difference. Without
the applied voltage, current cannot flow.
There must be a complete path for current flow, from
one side of the applied voltage source, through the
external circuit, and returning to the other side of the
voltage source.
The current path normally has resistance. The
resistance is in the circuit either to generate heat or
limit the amount of current.
 Open Circuit
When any part of the path is open or broken, the circuit
is incomplete because there is no conducting path.
The open circuit can be in the connecting wires or in the
bulbs filament as the load resistance.
The resistance of an open circuit is infinitely high. The
result is no current in an open circuit.
Short Circuit
In this case, the voltage source has a closed path across its
terminals, but the resistance is practically zero.
The result is too much current in a short circuit .
Usually, the short circuit is a bypass around the load resistance.
For instance, a short across the tungsten filament of a bulb
produces too much current in the connecting wires but no current
through the bulb.
Then the bulb is shorted out. The bulb is not damaged, but the
connecting wires can become hot enough to burn unless the line
has a fuse as a safety precaution against too much current.
THANKS